448 TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY. 



1. Layers offasc. superf. with cutaneous veins, ram. extern, 

 nerv. spermat. externi, ven. saphena magna (and superfic. ab- 

 domin.), which last opens one inch below lig. Fallop. into the vena 

 cruralis, surrounded by superficial inguinal glands, outside n. 

 cutan.femor. anUr. externus. 



2. Superficial layer of fascia lata, which forms p roc. falciform, 

 andfovea avails. 



3. Vena cruralis, behind fovea ovalis ; externally art. cruralis 

 behind the outer part of proc. falciform. ; on the outer side of the 

 artery, nerv. cruralis in its sheath. 



4. Upwards towards lig. Fallopice : the crural canal and crural 

 ring in the centre between spina ilei anter. super, and symphysis 

 pubis, internal to and below the internal abdominal ring. 



5. Vasa cruralia, surrounded by the deep inguinal glands, en- 

 closed by the vagina vasorum, separated from nerv. cruralis by 

 the deep layer offasc. lata ; internally, close to the vessels, the 

 thin prolongation ^fascia transversalis (septum crurak, Cloquet), 

 and lig. Gimbernati ; externally m. psoas iliacus with nerv. cru- 

 ralis in its sheath. 



6. Eminentia ileo-pectincea, and ram. horizontal, oss. pubis 

 above ; m. pectinceus below ; behind, the deep layer offasc. lata, 

 covers the vasa obturatoria, at their exit from the pelvis. 



The triangular space between lig. Fallopice, ram. horizontal, 

 pubis and os ilium filled up internally by lig. Gimbernati, in the 

 centre by the vasa cruralia and nerv. cruralis, externally, by the 

 inferior part of m. psoas iliacus (between spina ilei anter. infer. 

 and eminent, ileo-pectin.) 



[Dissection. Above Poupart's ligament. 1. Make an incision through the 

 skin only, transverse to the axis of the body, from the anterior superior 

 spinous process of the ilium to the mesian line ; from the termination of this, 

 continue : 



2. A vertical incision to the symphysis pubis. Reflect the skin towards 

 the thigh, as far as Poupart's ligament. Examine the layers of superficial 

 fascia. Reflect them, making incisions, as before, in the same direction. 

 Clear away, after observing it, the external spermatic fascia, and make the 

 boundaries of the external abdominal ring distinct. Through this, in the 

 male, the spermatic cord, in the female, the round ligament, will be seen to 

 pass ; the incision may be extended downwards, following the course of these 

 organs. An incision should now be made through the tendon of the external 

 abdominal oblique muscle only, in a direction corresponding with No. 1, 

 above, and the tendon reflected towards the thigh, the fibres connecting it 

 with the subjacent tendons, and the tendon of the muscle of the opposite side 



