468 TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY. 



c. Duct, choledochus to the right, and rather before the ven. 

 porkz, behind duodenum. 



2. Spleen, situated in hypochondr. sinistra. Its thick superior 

 extremity on the diaphragm, the thin inferior extremity above flex, 

 coli sinistra. External surface towards the concavity of the last 

 ribs and pars cost, of diaphragm. Internal concave surface bounded 

 by fund, ventriculi, presents hilus. 



3. Pancreas, behind the stomach, in the reg. epigastr., before 

 the large vascular trunks and the vertebral column. The head in 

 the curve of the duodenum, the tail towards the spleen. The duct 

 (duct. Wirsungianus) opens into pars, descend, duodeni. 



4. Stomach in reg. epigastrica and hypochondr. sinistra. Cur- 

 vat, major below, minor above ; anterior wall behind the abdomi- 

 nal parietes ; posterior before pancreas, aorta ; cardia to the left 

 and above, beneath for. ccsophageitm; behind proc. xiphoideus, in 

 the scrobiculo cordis, and the extremity of the left lobe of liver; 

 pylorus to the right, behind the lobul. quadratus. Fundus in the 

 reg. hypochondr. sinistra, united to the spleen. 



5. Duodenum. First portion, pars horizont. super, proceeding 

 from the pylorus to the right, curves below the right lobe of the 

 liver. Second port ion, pars, descend., before the right kidney to 

 the region of the third lumbar vertebra. Second curve. Third 

 portion, p. horizontal, infer, passes off to the left, then between the 

 layers of the mesenterium into the jejunum. 



6. Jejunum two-fifths, and ileum, three-fifths, traverse regg. 

 umbilical., hypogast., iliaca, even into the depth of the pelvis (in 

 the excavat. recto-uterina and vesico-uter.), passing in the reg. 

 iliac, dext. into the large intestines. 



7. Caecum ; with proc. vermiform, behind and external in reg. 

 iliac, dextra, upon m. iliacus dexter. 



8. Colon, ascendens, transvers., descendens with sigmoid flexure 

 passes by the side of the last lumbar vertebra into the rectum. 



9. PerUonceum, extends from the umbilicus upwards on the in- 

 ternal surface of the abdominal parietes to the diaphragm, forming 

 in this way, as it surrounds the lig. teres, the lig. suspensor. 

 hepatis. 



From the concavity of the diaphragm it descends to the obtuse 

 border of the liver as lig. coronar. hepatis, which at the sides passes 

 over into the anterior layer of ligg. triangularia ; covering the 

 convexity of the liver it turns over the acute border to the inferior 

 surface which it also covers as far as lobulus Spigelii, and com- 

 pletes laterally the ligg. triangularia. From the fossa transv. it 

 to ihejlexur. coli. dextr. and right kidney (lig. hepatico-coli~ 

 -renale) farther, to the curvat. minor, (lig. hepat. gastric. 



