470 TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY. 



725. II. Outside the peritoneum, 



in the abdominal and pelvic cavities are situated : the capsula 

 supra renaks, the urinary organs, internal organs of generation, 

 the rectum, the superior portion of the duodenum, the great ves- 

 sels and nerves. 



1. Caps. sup. renales, situated in the reg. hypochondriaca on 

 the posterior abdominal walls, upon the upper border of the kid- 

 ney, below the diaphragm, the right behind the liver, the left be- 

 hind fundus ventriculi. 



2 Urinary organs, viz. kidneys, ureters, bladder. 



a. Kidneys. They are placed in the reg. lumbalis, before m. 

 quadratus lumborum and the eleventh and twelfth ribs, close to 

 the first and third lumbar vertebrae, behind the peritoneum ; the 

 right kidney behind lobul. dexter, duodenum, and colon ascendens ; 

 the left behind the inferior extremity of the spleen, cauda pancreat. 

 and colon descendens. 



The internal border with the hilus, rests upon the pars lumbal. 

 of diaphragm and m. psoas. In the hilus lie, from before back- 

 wards, vena, arteria, pelvis renalis. 



b. Ureter, descends obliquely inwards from the pelvis of the 

 kidney, with a sigmoidal curve ; before, m. psoas and vasa iliaca ; 

 behind, the vasa spermatica, which descend obliquely outwards, 

 and cross it; it passes between rectum and psoas into the pelvic 

 cavity, and to the posterior wall and lateral parts of the fundus 

 vesicce. Here it lies in the male, at first on the side, then be- 

 tween the rectum and urinary bladder, behind vas deferens ; in 

 the female, close to coUum uteri, below lig. uteri rotund., then 

 between bladder and vagina. 



c. Urinary bladder ; it lies in reg. pubis, between the pubic 

 bones and the rectum or uterus : 



1. Corpus vesicce, behind the symphysis pubis, before the 

 rectum or uterus, touching laterally the side walls of the 

 pelvis. 



2. Vertex, projects upwards as far as the superior border 

 of symphysis pubis, or, even above this, covered behind by 

 peritoneum. 



3. Fundus, situated anteriorly upon the perinceum, above the 

 vesiculcz seminal, and vasa deferent., behind upon the inferior 

 portion of rectum (in the male) ; upon the anterior wall of 

 vagina (in the female). 



4. Collum (in the male surrounded by the prostate), lies over 

 the anterior part of perinczum (the vagina in female), close 

 behind the lower border of symphysis. 



