472 TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY. 



1. Hypogastrica [iliac intern.], lies close before symphys. sa- 

 crO'iliaca, at the side of the posterior wall of the small pelvis. 



2. Iliaca externa lies in the great pelvis, between vena iliaca 

 (internally) and nerv. cruralis (externally,) before fasc. ili- 

 aca and psoas, passing under the crural arch. 



c. Vena cava inferior, arises rather below the division of the 

 aorta, ascends on its right side, inclines rather to the right and for- 

 wards, and passes behind the pancreas, before the right crus of the 

 diaphragm into the fossa pro ven. cava of the liver, between lobulus 

 dexter and Spigelii ; hence through foram. quadrilaterurti \K\.Q the 

 thorax. Its branches : 



Vv. iliacce communes, pass on the right side of the correspond- 

 ing arteries ; the left longer, behind the origin of art. iliaca dextra, 

 before art. sacra media. 



1. V. hypogastrica, lies behind its artery. 



2. V. iliaca externa, on the inner side of the artery. 



d. Vena azygos arises before the second and third lumbar verte- 

 bra (on the right) by the junction of branches off. iliaca, renalis, 

 and cava infer, with the lumbalis ascend., passes between the cen- 

 tre and external right crus diaphragm, (or through hiatus aortic.) 

 into the thorax. 



e. Vena hemiazygos, arises on the left, and takes a course like 

 ven. azygos. 



d. Ductus thoracicus, formed by two trunci lumbales and one 

 lymphatic, intestinal., arises before the first and second lumbar 

 vertebra to the right of and behind aorta abdominal., close to art. 

 mesenter. super, (or renal, dextra), passes through hiatus aorticus 

 into the thorax. 



6. Nerves : 



a. Plexus lumbalis ; lies in and behind m. psoas, before m. qua- 

 drat, lumborum. Its continuation : nerv. cruralis lies in the 

 groove between m. psoas and Hiacus, under fasc. iliaca, at first 

 behind ; then on the outer side of art. iliaca. 



b. Plexus sacralis s. ischiadicus lies behind art. hypogastrica, 

 ischiadica, and pudenda, before n. pyriformis at the inferior ex- 

 tremity of incisura ischiadica major. 



c. N. sympathicus. The lumbar portion lies on the sides of the 

 bodies of the lumbar vertebrae, the gangl. lumbalia dextra behind 

 aorta, the gangl. lumb. sinist. behind v. cava. The sacral por- 

 tion close before the os sacrum ; the (four) gangl. sacralia at 

 the inner edge of foramina sacrall. anteri&ra. Gangl. coccygeum, 

 the termination of n. sympathicus on the anterior surface of the 

 sacrum. 



