I have chosen this as on many older trees it is often 

 difficult to find a young shoot. After the size has been 

 given the pose is next considered. This is a very 

 valuable aid to recognition which has hardly received 

 the attention it demands. The leaf may be fiat or 

 the edges may be folded upwards (upfolded} giving 

 a V shape, it may be curved upwards as a spoon, 

 upcupped, or the reverse, downcupped, The edge of 

 the leaf may also be curved or undulating, or if much 

 so, twisted, thus an upfolded leaf may also have its 

 edges curved. The small teeth or serrations of the 

 leaf may be either serrate or with sharp angular teeth 

 like a saw, or they may be rounded without a point. 

 These are crenate. An intermediate type occurs which 

 is called curved serrate. In this the tooth is pointed, 

 but the edges are curved and not straight as the serrate 

 toothing. 



This all refers to the pose taken by the leaf blade 

 and its edges. The leaf further be held on its petiole 

 in an erect position, held up, or if horizontally it is 

 outheld. If the petiole is weak, the whole leaf hangs 

 down it will be down-hanging or lax. 



After the origin a general note is given of the value 

 of the fruit in my experience. It will, of course, often 

 be that a variety which is unsatisfactory with me 

 may do well on another soil. 



