46 HANDBOOK OF MOSSES. 



Tortula unguiculata occurs in every sort of soil, is very 

 variable, and often puzzling. Sometimes great glaucous 

 green tufts of this moss will be seen without a vestige of 

 fruit, at other times fruiting specimens will be abundant. 

 The leaves are oblong, lance-shaped, blunt, with a minute 

 point formed by the projecting nerve, margin curved towards 

 the under side ; leaf-cells dense and quadrate in the upper 

 part, large and transparent below ; leaves much twisted 

 when dry; capsule erect, cylindrical; fringe of thirty-two 

 twisted teeth ; lid awl-shaped. 



Funaria fascicularis occurs in sandy fields, in scattered 

 tufts, and will be readily known by its widely lance-shaped 

 toothed leaves, with large leaf-cells, pear-shaped capsule, 

 convex lid, and inflated calyptra (fig. 20, i), no peristome 

 or fringe. 



Many of our heath-lands are being rapidly reclaimed and 

 vexatious as it may be to the botanist to see the haunts of 

 some of his favourites destroyed, he will, if wise, feel that it 

 is far better that these lands should be made the means of 

 employing labour and adding to the wealth of the country, 

 rather than allowed to lie idle, the mere producers of weeds. 

 But, in the neighbourhood of these reclaimed wastes, the 

 borders of many of the fields, and the waysides of the lanes 

 will still retain much of their heath-like character, and in 

 such localities I have found the mosses of our heath-lands 

 fairly represented. The mosses that I shall characterize as 

 heath-mosses are Ceratodon purpureus, Campylopus pyri- 

 formis, Bryum nutans, Funaria hygrometrica, Poly trie/turn 

 piliferum, Hypnum cupressiforme. These mosses, although 

 abundant on heath-lands in Warwickshire, are by no means 

 confined to such localities. 



Ceratodon purpureus will be found abundantly on heathy 

 waysides in good fruit about the middle of May, and will 

 be found forming large dull-green patches, the purple fruit- 

 stalk and fruit giving quite a character to the locality. The 

 leaves are lance-shaped, with reflexed entire margins keeled 

 on the back ; the capsules oval, slightly curved, furrowed 

 when dry, and slightly strumose at the base ; lid conical, 

 and fringe of sixteen teeth united by transverse bars. The 



