OF THE 



UNIVERSITY 



INTRODUCTION 



The ameba proteus Protoplasm The typical animal cell Karyokinesis (Mitosis) 

 Prophases Metaphase Anaphase Telophases Amitosis Ehrlich's side-chain 

 hypothesis Immunity Receptors Passive and active immunity Cytolysis Alexins 

 (Complements) Amboceptors (Immune bodies) Antibodies Precipitins Agglutins. 



The Ameba Proteus. It seems natural and logical, as an introduc- 

 tion to human physiology, to begin with the ameba proteus. This is 

 the simplest form of distinct and independent animal existence, and it 

 closely resembles the typical animal cell. This rhizopod is practically 



( ,*$l$$%&&^. 



Fig. i. Ameba proteus, x 280 (Sedgwick and Wilson). 



n, nucleus ; wv, water-vacuoles ; cv, contractile vacuole ; fv, food-vacuole. 

 Ectoplasm and pseudopods are not shown in this figure. 



a single cell without a distinct investing membrane. It is capable of 

 appropriating nutrient matters and of multiplication. It is little more 

 than a mass of protoplasm, a name derived from the Greek words 

 TT/OOJTO? (first) and 7r\do-^a (form) applied to the substance of many of 

 the cells and tissues of adult animals high in the scale. 



The ameba is a mass of contractile matter, with a nucleus, fine and 

 coarse granules, and cavities called vacuoles, some of which are con- 

 tractile. In addition, there are vacuoles that contain granules of 



