EXCRETION 



with an impermeable coating, death occurs in a very short time, with 

 great reduction in the body-temperature due to excessive radiation from 

 the varnished surface, the temperature being reduced to about 70 Fahr. 

 (21 C). Warm-blooded animals die usually when more than one-half 

 of the general surface has been varnished. Rabbits die when one- 

 fourth of the surface has been covered with an impermeable coating 

 (Laschkewitsch). Valentin and Laschkewitsch found that when the 

 temperature was kept at about the normal standard by artificial means, 

 no morbid symptoms were developed. 



Sudoriparous Glands. With few exceptions, all parts of the skin 

 are provided with sudoriparous glands. They are not found, however, 

 in the skin covering the concave surface of the concha of the ear, the 

 glans penis, the inner lamella of the prepuce and, unless the ceruminous 



glands are regarded as sudoriparous or- 

 gans, in the external auditory meatus. 



On examining the surface of the skin 

 with a low magnifying power, especially 

 on the palms of the hands and the soles 

 of the feet, the openings of the sudorifer- 

 ous ducts may be seen in the middle of 

 the papillary ridges, forming a regular 

 line in the shallow groove between the 

 two rows of papillae. The tubes always 

 open on the surface obliquely. In a thin 

 section of the skin, the ducts are seen 

 passing through the different layers and 

 terminating in rounded convoluted coils 

 in the subcutaneous structure. These 

 little rounded or ovoid bodies, which are 

 the sudoriparous, or sweat-producing structures, may be seen attached 

 to the under surface of the skin after it has been removed from the sub- 

 jacent parts by maceration. A perspiratory gland consists, indeed, of a 

 simple tube, presenting a coiled mass, the sudoriparous portion, beneath 

 the skin, and a tube of greater or less length in proportion to the 

 thickness of the cutaneous layers, which is the excretory duct, or the 

 sudoriferous portion. 



The glandular coils are T | T to ^ of an inch (0.2 to I millimeter) in 

 diameter ; the smallest coils being found beneath the skin of the penis, 

 the scrotum, the eyelids, the nose and the convex surface of the concha of 

 the ear, and the largest, on the areola of the nipple and on the perineum. 

 Very large glands are found mixed with smaller glands in the axilla, and 

 these produce a peculiar secretion. The coiled portion of the tube is 



Fig. 69. Surface of the palm of the 

 hand, a portion of the skin about one-half 

 an inch (12.5 millimeters) square, X 3! 

 (Sappey). 



I, i, I, i, openings of the sudoriferous 

 ducts; 2, 2, 2, 2, grooves between the 

 papillae of the skin. 



