366 USES OF THE LIVER DUCTLESS GLANDS 



been described. There are no formed anatomical elements character- 

 istic of this secretion. The fatty and coloring matters are in solution 

 and not in the form of globules or granules. 



COMPOSITION OF HUMAN BILE (ROBIN) 



Water 91600 to 819.00 



Sodium taurocholate > . . 56.50 to 106.00 



Sodium glycocholate ..... .... , * traces. 



Cholesterin . . . . . . ..'.' . ..'. 0.62 to 2.66 



Bilirubin . . . . . . . . . 14.00 to 30.00 



Lecithin ) 



. .... , r [..... 3.20 to ^i.oo 



Palmitm, olem and traces of soaps J 



Cholin ' . ' traces. 



Sodium chloride . . 2.77 to 3.50 



Sodium phosphate . . . . . . . . ' 1.60 to 2.50 



Potassium phosphate . 0.75 to 1.50 



Calcium phosphate . . 0.50 to 1.35 



Magnesium phosphate ........ 0.45 to 0.80 



Salts of iron . . . . . . . . . o. i 5 to 0.30 



Salts of manganese traces to 0.12 



Silicic acid . . - 0.03 to 0.06 



Mucin . . ; ~. \s, - traces. 



Loss . . . 3.43 to i. 21 



1000.00 1000.00 



The bile contains no coagulable organic matters except mucin, and 

 all its constituents simply are solids in solution. The quantity of solid 

 matter is large and the proportion of water is relatively small. Among 

 the inorganic salts, sodium chloride exists in considerable quantity, with 

 a large proportion of phosphates. There exist, also, salts of iron and 

 of manganese, with a small quantity of silicic acid. 



The fatty and saponaceous constituents of the bile demand hardly 

 any more extended consideration. A small quantity of palmitin and 

 olein are held in solution, partly by the soaps, but chiefly by the sodium 

 taurocholate. The fats sometimes exist in larger quantity, when they 

 may be discovered in the form of globules. The proportion of soaps 

 is small. Lecithin (C 44 H 90 NPO 9 ) is a neutral fatty substance extracted 

 from the bile, and maybe decomposed into phosphoric acid and glycerin. 

 Cholin (C 5 H 15 NO 2 ) is found in the bile in minute quantity, and when 

 present, it is supposed to be one of the decomposition-products of lecithin. 



Biliary Salts. In human bile the characteristic biliary salt is a 

 combination of taurocholic acid (C 26 H 45 NSO) with sodium. A small 

 quantity of sodium exists in combination with glycocholic acid 

 (C 26 H 43 NO 6 ). Sodium glycocholate exists in quantity in ox-gall. Both 

 these salts may be precipitated from an alcoholic extract of bile by an 



