404 



GENERAL NUTRITION 



accepted and used by most writers on subjects connected with the 

 theories of animal heat and the source of muscular power. As regards 

 the heat produced by the oxidation of these substances in the body, if it 

 is assumed that the same quantity of heat is produced by the oxidation, 

 under all circumstances, of a definite quantity of oxidizable matter, it is 

 necessary simply to deduct from the heat-value of articles of food the 

 heat-value remaining in certain parts of the food which pass out of the 

 body in an unoxidized state. It was in this way that Frankland arrived 

 at a determination of the heat-value of articles of food oxidized in the 

 body. 



The following selections from Frankland's table give an idea of the 

 heat-value of different articles of food oxidized in the body. In this 

 table the heat-units are calculated as pound-degrees. 



HEAT-VALUE OF TEN GRAINS OF THE MATERIAL OXIDIZED INTO CARBON 

 DIOXIDE, WATER AND UREA IN THE ANIMAL BODY (FRANKLAND) 



ARTICLES OF FOOD HEAT-UNITS 



Butter 18.68 



Beef-fat (dry) . . 23.33 



Lump-sugar 8.61 



Grape-sugar 842 



Wheat-flour 9.87 



Bread-crumb 5.52 



Arrowroot 10.06 



Ground rice 9.52 



ARTICLES OF FOOD HEAT-UNITS 



Potatoes 2.56 



Cabbage 1.08 



Milk 1.64 



Egg (boiled) 5.86 



Cheese 11.20 



Lean beef 3.66 



Ham (boiled) 4.30 



Mackerel 4.14 



In the following, selected from the table quoted by Chapman, the 

 heat-units are calculated as kilo-degrees C. 



HEAT-VALUE OF ONE GRAM OF THE MATERIAL OXIDIZED INTO CARBON 

 DIOXIDE, WATER AND UREA IN THE ANIMAL BODY (FRANKLAND) 



ARTICLES OF FOOD HEAT-UNITS 



Butter . 7.264 



Beef-fat (dry) 9.069 



Lump-sugar 3-348 



Grape-sugar 3-227 



Wheat-flour 3.840 



Bread-crumb 1-450 



Arrowroot 3-9 12 



Ground rice 3.760 



ARTICLES OF FOOD HEAT-UNITS 



Potatoes 0.990 



Cabbage 0.420 



Milk 0.620 



Egg (boiled) 2.280 



Cheese 4-360 



Lean beef 1.420 



Ham (boiled) 1.680 



Mackerel . . . . 1.610 



The heat-value of one gram of alcohol is equal to 8.958 heat-units 

 (kilo-degrees C.), or the heat-value of 10 grains of alcohol is equal to 

 23 heat-units (pound-degrees Fahr.). 



