vi CONTENTS 



CHAPTER PAGI 



XXII. The reproduction of Algae . . . .-.,;,<; . 29C 



Fig. 107. Conjugation in Spirogyra 291 



,, 108. Swarm-spore of Gladophora glomerata . . . 294 



,, 109. Sporangium and swarm-spore of Vaucheria sessilis 295 



,, 110. Oogonium and antheridium of Vaucheria sessilis . 297 



111. Keproduction of Fucus 301 



,, 112. Oogonium and antheridium of Ohara fragilis . 306 



113. Spermatozoid of G. fragilis 308 



XXIII. The reproduction of Fungi 311 



Fig. 113*. Asexual reproduction of Mucor Mucedo . . 314 



114. Sexual reproduction of M. Mucedo . . .316 



,, 115. Gonidiophores of Phytophthora infestans . . 319 



,', 116. Gonidiophores of PenicHlium crustaceum . . 324 



XXIV. The reproduction of the higher Fungi and Lichens . . 326 



Fig. 117. Portion of hymenium of Morchdla . . .327 



118. Puccinia graminis and ^Ecidium Berberidis . 334 



,, 119. Conidia production of Russula rubra . . . 335 



, , 120. Conidia production of Agaricus campestris . . 336 



,, 121. Cross-section of spermogone of Anaptychia ciliaris 337 



XXV. The reproduction of Bryophyta 339 



Fig. 122. Male receptacle and gemma-cup of Marchantia 



340 



,, 123. Antheridium and spermatozoids of Marchantia 



polymorpha 341 



,, 124. Archegonia of Marchantia polymorpha . . . 343 

 ,, 125. Antheridium and spermatozoid of Funaria hygro- 

 metrica 347 



,, 126. Archegonia of Funaria hygrometrica . . . 348 



,, 127. Development of sporogone of Funaria hygrometrica 348 



, , 128. Sporogonium of Funaria hygrometrica . . . 353 



,, 129. Peristome of Fontinalis antipyretica . . . 353 



XXVI. The reproduction of the Pteridophyta 



Fig. 130. Sorus and sporangia of Scolopendrium vulgare 

 ,, 131. Antheridium and spermatozoids of Poly podium 



vulgare 358 



,, 132. Spermatozoid of Phegopteris 359 



M 133. Archegonia of Polypodium imlgare . . .362 



XXVII. The reproduction of Gynmosperms 



Fig. 134. Male cone, anther, and pollen of Pinus . . 368 



,, 135. Flowering-scale of Pinus sylvestris . . . 370 



,, 136. Longitudinal section of ovule of Picea vulgaris . 373 

 , , 137. Fertilisation and early embryology of Picea wtl- 



garis 375 



,, 138. Later embryology of Picea vulgaris . . . 377 



4 , 139. Longitudinal section of ripe embryo of Picea . 379 



