CHAPTER XIX. 



VEGETATIVE STRUCTURE OF FUNGI, LICHENS AND ALG;E 

 FIXING AND STAINING THE CELL-CONTENTS. 



PRINCIPAL MATERIALS USED. 



The common Mushroom, Ayarictis campestris ; fresh, or in alcohol. 



A Lichen, such as Parmelia (Anaptychia) ciliaris ; fresh, or dry and soaked. 



F-ucus uesiculosus, or other species ; fresh, and in alcohol ; if alcohol mate- 

 rial, lay for a few days in alcohol-glycerine. 



Nitella; 1 fresh; also for twenty-four hours in 1 per cent, chromic acid. 

 Also Chara fragilis. 1 



Cladophora glotnerata; 1 fresh; or fixed in 1 per cent, chromic acid, and 

 preserved in camphor- water. 



Spirogyra? of some broad-celled species ; fresh, and similarly fixed and 

 preserved. 



PRINCIPAL REAGENTS USED. 



Chlorzinc iodine Osmic acid Iodine Diluted sulphuric acid. Haema- 

 toxylin Picric alcohol Saturated potash 1 per cent, chromic acid ; 

 concentrated picric acid ; 1 per cent, chromacetic acid ; 1 per cent, 

 chromosmium acetic acid. P. Mayer's alum-carmine, or para-carmine ; 

 P. Mayer's alum-haematin Haematoxylin-crystals, and ammonia 

 Boiled water in quantity 1 per cent, alum to 1 per cent, hydro- 

 chloric acid Aluminium chloride in alcohol ; or 5 per cent, acetic acid 

 in alcohol 10 per cent, solution saltpetre, stained with eosin. 



Structure of Fungi generally. The vegetative organs (thallus) 

 of the Fungi, apart from a number of the simplest forms, consist 

 of elongated, thread-like, more or less copiously-branched elements, 

 the Hyphae, These are either without partition walls (unseptate), 

 unicellular throughout their entire body ; or, by means of parti- 

 tion walls (septa), segmented into a number of consecutive cells. 

 Moreover, even the most massive fungal structure is composed of 

 such hyphae, which are then very much interwoven with one 



1 This and many other Algae, etc., can usually be obtained from T. Bolton, 

 Balsall Heath Road, Birmingham, and Marine Algae from the Biological 

 Station, Plymouth. [ED]. 



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