CHAPTER XXIV. 

 REPRODUCTION OF THE HIGHER FUNGI AND OF LICHENS. 



PRINCIPAL MATERIALS USED. 



Movchella esculenta; fresh, dried, or in alcohol. 



A scobohu* furfur acetts, on horse- or cow-dung; fresh. 



jEcidium Berberidis, on leaves of Barberry in May and June ; fresh, or in 



alcohol, or dried and soaked. 



Puccinia graminis, on grasses in summer and autumn. 

 Russula species ; or Agaricus campestris ; fresh, or in alcohol. 

 Anaptychia ciliaris ; fresh, dried, or in alcohol. 



PRINCIPAL REAGENTS USED. 

 Potash Iodine. 



Reproduction of an Ascomyccte, Norchella esculenta. In order 

 to investigate the structure of the hymenium of a highly-developed 

 form of the Ascomycetes, we can take the Morell, Morchella esc2t- 

 lenta. Even dried specimens can here, after softening, be em- 

 ployed for the investigation. Fresh are naturally to be preferred. 

 The well-known edible Morell has an irregularly ovate, stalked 

 fructification, which in its interior conceals a simple cavity, and 

 whose upper swollen part has deep infoldings. The hollows or 

 chambers between the ridges are clothed with hymenial tissue, 

 while this is not developed upon the projecting exposed ridges 

 themselves. Suitable sections are very easy to obtain, andj must 

 be taken perpendicularly to the surface of a hollow. The hy- 

 menium consists of approximately parallel spore-sacs (asci) and 

 paraphyses (Fig. 117). fThe asci (a) are almost cylindrical, and 

 contain in their upper part eight elliptic, unicellular spores, asco- 

 spores, crowded together. Besides the spores, there is also 

 present in the asci the, in part, strongly refractive epi plasm. 

 The paraphyses (p) are brownish, septate threads, somewhat 

 swollen above. The uppermost cell (p) is especially elongated. 



(326) 



