336 XXIV. REPRODUCTION OF THE HIGHER FUNGI AND LICHENS. 



tion are cut off at their base by partition walls ; they contain 

 finely granular protoplasm, and not infrequently isolated oil-drops. 

 The accompanying Fig. 120 will further elucidate the struc- 

 ture of the Hymeno- 

 mycetes. It is taken 

 from the common 

 Mushroom, Agaricus 

 campestris. There are 

 no cystids, and each 

 basidium produces only 

 two, instead of four, ba- 

 sidiospores. The Mush- 

 room offers, moreover, 

 the advantage of being 

 obtainable fresh all the 

 year round. Coprinus, 

 already referred to as 

 coming freely upon 

 dung-cultures, makes, 

 while young, admirable 

 material for the study 

 of a simple hymenomy- 

 cetous fungus, entire 

 longitudinal sections 

 being taken through 

 the unexpandedpileus. 

 Reproduction of 

 Lichens, Anaptychia. 

 The fungi taking 



FIG. 120. Agaricus campestris. A, tangential sec- part in the formation 

 tion of the pileus (h), showing the lamellae, 1. B, a . , , . , 



similar section of a lamella more highly magnified ; hy, 01 the thallUS OI LlCh- 



the hymenium ; t, the central tissue, or trama ; sh, the onc K p i nrio . T V1 *tV> fpw 



sub-hymenial layer. G, a portion of the same section * 3n &> V 



still more highly magnified (x 550); q, young basidia exceptions, to the AsGO- 

 and paraphyses. At this stage these are practically 7 . 



alike ; s', first formation of conidia on a basidium ; s", mycetes. Anaptycnia 



s'", more advanced stages; at s"", the conidia have ^/fl'/iW* alrparlv knnwn 



fallen off. (After Sachs.) Attans, aJ eaay Kno\\ n 



to us, fructifies very 



freely. The apothecia are saucer-shaped, on a support de- 

 veloped from the thallus. This contracts under the apothecium 

 like a stalk. A cross-section through this stalk shows radial 

 structure, with a fairly uniformly thick cortical layer, and a 

 homogeneous gonidial (Algal) layer. The interior of the stalk 



