478 APPENDIX III. 



B. 



Bismarck brown, watery solution. Espe.cially used for staining Bacteria, 



270. 



Borax-carmine (Grenadier's). See Carmine. 

 Bromine vapour. Sometimes used in fixing marine algae, 302. 



C. 



Camphor. For use as a slight antiseptic. See pp. 60 and 374. 



Canada balsam. Dissolved to the thickness of syrup, in turpentine, chloro- 

 form, benzole, or xylol. It can be obtained dissolved in turpentine 

 in metal tubes like those used for liquid colours, and is very con- 

 venient in this form. Used as a mountant, but not so generally 

 useful as glycerine jelly (2-v.)- When used the section should be 

 thoroughly dehydrated before mounting, hence stains which are 

 soluble in alcohol are rarely of the least use with it. 



Carbolic acid. In alcoholic and watery solutions, used for clearing prepara- 

 tions, and is often better than potash. 



fuchsin (ZiehVs). For preparation and use, see p. 273. 



Carmine. Solutions of carmine usually colour diffusely ; but the nuclei 

 usually show very well stained if the preparations are afterwards 

 treated for some time with acidulated alcohol (q.v.), or with acidulated 

 glycerine, i.e., glycerine containing per cent, hydrochloric acid. 

 Pure carminic acid can be obtained of E. Merk, in Darmstadt. 



Carmalum (Mayer's) is perhaps the best carmine stain, and is prepared by 

 dissolving by the aid of heat 1 gramme pure carminic acid and 10 

 grammes alum in 200 c.c. distilled water ; filter, and add ! per cent, 

 salicylic acid as a preservative. To get a pure nuclear stain wash 

 the preparation carefully with a solution of alum or weak acid. 



Carmine, Alum (Grenadier's). A 1-5 per cent, watery solution of common 

 or ammonia-alum is boiled for from ten to twenty minutes with ^ 

 to 1 per cent, powdered carmine, and, after cooling, is filtered. A 

 trace of carbolic acid is added. (Ardiiv. f. mikr. Anat., xvi., p. 465.) 



Borax (Grenadier's}. 2-3 per cent, carmine dissolved by boiling 

 in solution of 4 per cent, borax in water; dilute with an equal 

 volume of 70 per cent, alcohol, shake, and filter after allowing it to 

 stand for some time. After using this stain it is recommended to 

 treat for about twenty-four hours in a 2-4 per cent, solution of 

 oxalic acid in 70-80 per cent, alcohol. It is an excellent stain for 

 protein cell-contents, but is slow sometimes requiring several hours. 

 It can be used for staining in mass as well as for sections. 



Cedar, Oil of. Used for clearing preparations of bacteria, prior to mounting 

 in Canada balsam or dammar. See pp. 271 and 447. 



Celloidin. A form of collodion. For use, see p. 400. 



Cherry-wood extract. Twigs of cherry, rejecting the thin, green parts, are 

 cut up into thin shavings, steeped in absolute alcohol for twenty- 

 four hours, to remove the chlorophyll as much as possible. The 



