516 



INDEX. 



Sphsero-crystals, or sphaerites. See 

 inuline, calcium phosphate. 



Sphcerotheca, 329. 



Sphagnum acutifolium, structure of, 

 231 (fig. 92). 



Spider-wort. See Tradescantia. 



Spindle-fibres, 438-9. 



tree. See Euonymus. 



Spiral cells, of Sphagnum, 231 ; of 

 Equisetum, 364. 



vessels (or tracheides), 103. See 



vascular bundles. 



unwinding, 153. 



Spirillum, 269 ; S. dentium, 276 ; 



S. sputigenum, 276. 

 Spirochaste plicatilis, 276 (fig. 103). 

 Spirogyra, conjugation, 291. 



majuscula (S. orthospira), culture 



of, 251 ; cell-structure of, 252 (fig. 



96) ; plasmolytic studies in, 253. 

 Spongy parenchyma, 191. 

 Sporangia, development of, in Clado- 



phora, 293; in Vaucheria, 295 



(fig. 109). 



dehiscence of, in Aspidium, 356. 



structure in Aspidium Filix-mas, 



356; Equisetum, 364; Scolopen- 



drium vulgare, 354 (fig. 130) ; 



Selaginella Martensii, 365. See 



also gonidangia. 

 Sporangiophore of Equisetum, 364. 



See also gonidangiophore. 

 Spores, Bacteria, 268, 280 (fig. 104), 



287 ; Equisetum, 364 ; Funaria, 



353 (fig. 128); Marchantia, 344; 



Mnium, 351 ; Saccharomyces, 289 ; 



Scolopendrium, 356 (fig. 130) ; 



Selaginella, 366. 



ascospores, of Anaptychia, 270 ; 



Ascobolus, 328 ; Morchella, 326 

 (fig. 117) ; Penicillium, 325. 



- basidiospores, of JEcidium, 331 (fig. 



118) ; Agaricus, 336 (fig. 120 ; 

 Russula, 335 (fig. 119). 



- macrospores, 366 ; microspores, 366. 



swarm-spores, q.v. 



teleutospores, of Puccinia, 332 



(fig. 118). 



uredospores, of Puccinia, 332 (fig. 



118). 



zoospores. See swarm-spores. 



zygospores, of Mucor, 315 ; Spiro- 



gyra, 292. 



Sporidia, of Puccinia graminis, 333. 

 Sporogonium, of Funaria, 353 (figs. 



127, 128) ; Marchantia 2)olymorpha, 



344 ; Mnium, 348. 

 Spurge. See Euphorbia. 

 Staining, of Bacteria, 270 ; of Clado- 



phora, 248. See also under name 



of object to be stained ; also over- 



staining, and the different stain- 

 ing media. 

 Staining, double-staining, 110, 441. 



in the tissues, 274. 



- triple, 453, 455 (footnote). 

 Stains, fixing of. See mordants. 



on the preparation of basic aniline 



stains, 270, 271. 



permanence of, 112. 



Stamen of Pinus sylvestris, 368 (fig. 



134 ; Angiosperms, 380 ; origin of, 



in Brassica, 432. 

 Staphylea, cultivation of pollen-tube 



in, 392. 

 Starch-cellulose. See cellulose. 



- formers, 39, 52, 57 (figs. 20, 21), 85 



(fig. 30). See also amyloplasts, 

 leucoplasts, chlorophyll bodies. 



grains, East Indian arrowroot, 11 



(fig. 5) ; West Indian arrowroot, 

 18 ; bean, 17 (fig. 6) ; in latex of 

 Euphorbia helioscopia, 19 (fig. 9) ; 

 and Euphorbia splendens 19 (fig. 

 10) ; Iris germanica, 59 (fig. 22) ; 

 oat, 18 (fig. 8) ; pea, 28 (fig. 11) ; 

 Phajus, 59 (fig. 21); potato, 13 

 (fig. 5) ; wheat, 18 (fig. 7). 

 action of diastase on, 23, 422. 



compound, 16, 60 ; semi-com- 

 pound, 16, 60. 



general observations on, 23 ; 

 changes in germination, 23. 



identification in small quantity, 



53. 



in chlorophyll bodies, 52. 



lamination of, 14 (fig. 5). 



origin of, 58-60. See also 



chloroplasts, leucoplasts. 



polarisation of, 22. 



reactions with heat, 14, 22 ; 



iodine, 20, 21 ; iodine vapour, 21 ; 



blue iodine reaction due to water, 



21 ; potash, 21, 39. 



- swelling (gelatinisation) of, 18, 



21. 



to make minute grains more 



visible by swelling, 53. 



mucilage. See mucilage. 



- paste, use of in pollen cultures, 392. 



sheath, 127, 132. See also Endo- 



dermis and stelar theory. 

 Stelar theory, 172, 227. 

 Stele, 102, 132, 163, 165. 



- in Pteris 172 (fig. 69) ; Li/copodium, 



176 (fig. 70) ; Equisetum, 178 (figs. 

 71, 72). 

 Stem and root, correlation of, 228. 



growing apex of, 204. 



structure of, in Aristolochia 

 Sipho, 131 (figs. 48, 49) ; Draccnw 

 r libra, 117 (fig. 44) ; Equisetum, 



