The Forearm. 81 



the palmaris longus and the flexor sublimis, while its 

 posterior margin represents the interval between the flexor 

 sublimis and the flexor carpi ulnaris. On separating 

 the latter muscles and working in a direction outwards 

 and backwards, the ulnar nerve will be found lying on 

 the flexor profundus, and the artery should be sought for 

 at the distance of about one inch to the outer side of the 

 nerve. To ligate the artery in the middle of its course, 

 an incision should be made in the line of the vessel, and, 

 after dividing the deep fascia, the deep landmarks will be 

 exposed, and these deep landmarks are the flexor sublimis 

 digitorurn and the flexor carpi ulnaris. On separating them 

 from one another, the artery with the nerve to its inner 

 side will be exposed, and the vessel should be ligated by 

 passing the needle from within outwards so as to avoid 

 the nerve. Ligation of the radial artery in its upper 

 part. An incision is made in the line of the vessel, and, 

 on division of the fasciae the deep guides to the artery 

 present themselves. These are the supinator longus and 

 the pronator radii teres. The artery lies between these 

 muscles and maj 7 be found by observing the course of the 

 muscular fibres exposed in the line of the incision. Should 

 the fibres be seen to pass in a direction downwards and 

 outwards, it is, in all probability, the pronator radii teres 

 muscle, and the artery will lie to its outer side ; but, 

 should the direction of the fibres be downward, or down- 

 ward and slightly inward, it is likely to be the supinator 

 longus muscle, and, if it be this muscle, the artery should 

 be sought for to its inner side, and, when found, should 

 be ligated by passing the needle from the outer to the 

 inner side so as to avoid the radial nerve that lies to the 

 radial side of the vessel. To ligate the artery in either 

 its middle or lower third an incision in the line of the 

 artery will expose the vessel lying between the flexor 



