CHAPTER X. 

 THE THORAX. 



REGIONS OF THE LANDMARKS OF 



CHEST. THORAX. 



STRUCTURES FORM- DEFORMITIES. 

 ING THORACIC WALL. OPERATIONS. 



MAMMARY GLAND. 



Regional Divisions of the Chest. For the 



purpose of locating physical signs in connection with the 

 lungs and pleurae, the surface of the thorax is divided into 

 regions by the following imaginary lines: (1) Sternal 

 lines, i.e., midsternal line, in the middle of the sternum ; lat- 

 eral sternal, on either side of the sternum, and parasternal, 

 midway between the lateral sternal and the mammary 

 lines. (2) Mammary, from the clavicle down through 

 the nipple to the lower limit of the thorax. (3) Coracoid, 

 from the beak of the coracoid process downwards. (4) 

 Midaxillary, down the middle of the axilla. ( 5 ) Scapular, 

 from the inferior angle of the scapula. (6) Midspinal; 

 the middle line of the spine. The regions are : 1. Median, 

 bounded by the lateral sternal lines and divided into three 

 parts: (a) Suprasternal, above the sternum; (b) upper 

 sternal, bounded above by the upper border of sternum, and 

 below by a line joining the lower borders of the cartilages 

 of the third ribs; (c) lower sternal from the above line to 

 the lower limit of the sternum. 2. Ant ero -lateral region, 

 bounded internally by the lateral sternal and externally by 

 the coracoid line and divided into (a) the supra clavicular, 

 above the clavicle, and bounded above by a line drawn 



