2io Anatomy Applied to Medicine and Surgery. 



est point of the convexity of the fundus is on a level with 

 the attachment of the sixth costal cartilage on the left 

 side, to the sternum, and is from one and a half to two 

 inches above the level of the cardiac opening and about 

 three inches to the left of the sternum. To map out the 

 lesser curvature, join the landmark for the cardiac with 

 that for the pyloric opening, by means of a sharply curved 

 line with its concavity upwards. For the right portion of 

 the greater curvature, draw a line from the pyloric open- 

 ing, downwards and outwards, with a convexity sufficient 

 to touch the level of the tips of the tenth costal cartilages, 

 a little to the left of the linea alba. For the left portion 

 of the greater curvature, continue this line, with the con- 

 vexity outwards and to the left, as far as the landmark, 

 above mentioned, for the summit of the fundus, and, to 

 complete the outline of the stomach, join, by means of a 

 slightly curved line, the landmark for the summit with 

 that for the oesophageal opening. Landmarks for the 

 stomach on the posterior surface of the body. (Fig. 9). 

 Trie cardiac opening is opposite the tenth dorsal vertebra 

 and about one and a half inches to the left of the spine, 

 while the pyloric, in the empty state, is opposite the 

 twelfth dorsal and about half an inch to the right of the 

 spine. Join these landmarks by a curved line, to repre- 

 sent the lesser curvature, whereas, the greater curvature 

 will correspond to a line curved to the left, so as to be 

 parallel with, and about an inch from the contour of the 

 ribs on the left side as seen from behind, and then cross- 

 ing, with convexity downwards, the second lumbar verte- 

 bra, to pass upwards and to the right, to end at the pyloric 

 opening. 



On examining the outline of the stomach on the an- 

 terior surface of the body it will be observed, (1) that 

 about two-thirds of it is covered by the ribs and the car- 



