258 Anatomy Applied to Medicine and Suigery. 



vous supply is derived from the solar plexus and contains, 

 in addition to the sympathetic fibres, filaments from the 

 pneumogastric and the phrenic nerves. 



Operations. Malignant disease of the right sup- 

 rarenal may spread into the vena cava, the liver or the 

 right kidney, or, if the left one be affected, it may involve 

 the left renal vein, the stomach or the spleen. Jonas reports 

 a case of removal of the right suprarenal through an in- 

 cision extending downwards and inwards for about four 

 inches from the right costal arch. 



The Pancreas is situated in the epigastric and left 

 hypochondriac regions and lies transversely in the abdo- 

 men at about the level of the first lumbar vertebra. It 

 may be divided into a head, a neck, a body and a tail, and 

 is about six inches in length. The head is bent down- 

 wards, so. that it extends lower than the lower border of 

 the body and is moulded by the different parts of the duo- 

 denum into a shape somewhat resembling the head of a 

 hammer. It has in front of it, the transverse colon and 

 the meso-colon, while behind, are the vena cava, the aorta, 

 the left renal vein and the common bile duct. The neck 

 is about one inch in length and is bounded above by the 

 first part, and below, by the last part, of the duodenum. 

 The body and tail, about four inches long, present three 

 surfaces and three borders, and extend from right to left 

 to terminate at the spleen, the tail turning upwards before 

 reaching this organ, so as to rest on the lower part of its 

 inner surface. 



Relations of the body and tail. The anterior 

 surface is concave and has the posterior surface of 

 the stomach resting on it. The posterior surface is 

 grooved for the reception of the splenic artery and vein, 

 and lies in front of the aorta, the left crus, the left kidney 

 and its vessels. The inferior surface rests on the duodeno- 



