CHAPTER XUV. 



THE NOSE, MOUTH AND PHARYNX. 



ANATOMY. DISEASES. 



NERVE REFLEXES. LANDMARKS. 



OPERATIONS. 



The Nose. The nose is formed of cartilages united 

 by fibrous tissue and is covered by integument so closely 

 adherent to the underlying structures, that inflammatory 

 affections of the superficial tissues are exceed- 

 ingly painful. When the integument of this region is 

 inflamed, it may be accompanied by a suffusion of tears 

 through the irritation of the nasal branches of the oph- 

 thalmic being conveyed to another branch of the same 

 merve, viz., the lachrymal, which supplies the lachrymal 

 gland. The skin over the nose, especially in the 

 neighborhood of the tip, has numerous sebaceous 

 glands, so that acne and comedones are not in- 

 frequent in this region, while the bloodvessels of 

 the tip are terminal ones, and are liable to be perma- 

 nently dilated, as in drunkards, etc. The septum of the 

 nose is formed, chiefly, by the nasal spine of the frontal, 

 the septal cartilage, the vertical plate of the ethmoid, and 

 the vomer, and is straight in the majority of children, but, 

 in adult life, it is deflected, more or less, to one or the 

 other side. Within the anterior openings of the nose is 

 tihe vestibule, and, behind this, are the nasal fossae, present- 

 ing the different turbinated bones, viz., the superior, the 

 middle and the inferior. These bones are directed down- 

 wards and backwards. The superior turbinated extends 

 along the posterior third of the outer wall, and the recess, 

 that lies beneath it the superior meatus contains the 

 orifices of the posterior ethmoidal and of the sphenoidal 

 cells. The middle turbinated lies along the posterior two- 



