464 Anatomy Applied to Medicine and Surgery. 



cles, arteries, nerves, etc. This fascia contains a large 

 amount of fatty tissue where it overlies the buccinator 

 muscle the buccal fat-pad. Beneath this fascia is the 

 bucco-pharyngeal fascia, the buccinator muscle, the buc- 

 cinator submucous tissue and the mucous membrane. 



The nerves supplying the face are as follows : 

 Branches of the fifth or trifacial afford sensation 

 over the whole of the face, with the exception of the re- 

 gion of the ramus and angle of the jaw, which is supplied 

 by the auricularis magnus nerve; the facial, controlling 

 the mobility of the muscles of expression, while the mus- 

 cles of mastication are supplied by the motor root of the 

 inferior maxillary nerve. The chief bloodvessels of this 

 region are the facial artery and the facial vein. 



Landmarks of the face. The terminal branches of 

 the three sensory divisions of the fifth nerve appear on 

 the face in the following situations : The ophthalmic at 

 the supra-orbital foramen ; the superior maxillary at the 

 infra-orbital foramen, and the inferior maxillary at the 

 mental foramen. The supra-orbital foramen is at the 

 junction of the inner and middle thirds of the supra-orbi- 

 tal ridge ; the infra-orbital is about two-fifths of an inch 

 below the infra-orbital ridge, while the mental is at vary- 

 ing distances from the lower border of the inferior maxil- 

 lary, depending upon the age of the patient; thus, in in- 

 fancy, this foramen is situated nearer the lower than the 

 upper border of the jaw; in adult life, it is about midway 

 between the alveolar process and the inferior border; 

 whereas, in old age, it is nearer the alveolar process. 

 These three foramina may be represented by drawing a 

 line, downwards and outwards, from the supra-orbital 

 notch and passing between the two bicuspid teeth. The 

 line will overlie these foramina. The facial artery is 

 tortuous, so as to prevent it from being overstretched in 



