

The Face. 465 



the different degrees of distention of the cheek, and runs, 

 from the junction of the margin of the lower jaw with the 

 anterior border of the masseter muscle, to the inner can- 

 thus of the eye. The facial vein, less tortuous, is situated 

 close to, but behind the artery, and may be represented by 

 the same line as that for the artery. The facial nerve ap- 

 pears on the side of the face at the lower limit of the 

 lobule of the ear. Stensons duct (parotid) runs along 

 the side of the face, superficial to the masseter muscle, to 

 penetrate the buccal pad of fat and pierce, at a rather 

 sharp angle, the buccinator muscle, between which and 

 the mucous membrane of the mouth it runs for a short 

 distance to terminate on a papilla opposite the crown of 

 the second upper molar tooth. This duct has the trans- 

 verse facial artery, above, and the infra-orbital branch of 

 the facial nerve, below, and is situated, about a finger's 

 breadth, below the zygoma, or, to speak more accurately, 

 it corresponds to a line drawn from the lower border of 

 the tragus, to a point opposite the second upper molar 

 tooth, i.e., about midway between the ala of the nose and 

 the red margin of the lip. 



Facial Paralysis is said to be nuclear when it de- 

 pends upon injury to the nucleus of origin of the facial 

 nerve beneath the floor of the fourth ventricle ; supra-nu- 

 clear when due to a lesion anywhere in the facial tract 

 above the nucleus, i.e., in the cerebral cortex, the internal 

 capsule, the crus, or in -the upper part of the pons, and, 

 lastly, infra-nuclear when below the nucleus of origin, i.e., 

 at the base: of the brain ; in the canal of the petrous -bone ; at 

 its point of exit from the stylo-mastoid foramen ; in its pas- 

 sage through the parotid gland, or at its point of emer- 

 gence on the side of the face. Symptoms. All volun- 

 tary and emotional movements of the face muscles are 

 lost; the eyelids cannot be closed; the lower lid falls 



