short-toothed feelers. On each side of these is a row of four long 

 slender transparent " tentacles " minutely toothed at their free ends, and 

 arising from the free edge of the lip. Still further round on 

 each side are a pair of chitinous spines arising from the very base 

 of the lip, or possibly from the anterior sclerite. On the under 

 surface of the lip, below the tentacles, are on each side a group of 

 about five small papillae, and between them is seen the ventral 

 surface of the kidney-shaped bulb, which now appears round. Within 

 this bulb can be seen a transverse and slightly V-shaped chitinous 

 rod finely pectinated on its posterior surface : this I shall refer to as 

 the anterior comb. 



With the exception of the comb all these appendages of the lip 

 appear to be sensory in function ; on the other hand the armature of 

 the epipharynx now to be described is undoubtedly motor in 

 function. 



The epipharynx is bounded in front and at the sides by narrow The Epipharynx. 

 chitinous flanges, the ventral extensions of the anterior sclerites. The 

 central portion of each flange is somewhat enlarged and serves as a 

 point of attachment for a remarkable appendage, which may turn out 

 to be of some morphological importance. This organ consists of three 

 parts, a broad basal portion notched at the extremity for articulation 

 with the sclerite, and two terminal parts (an inner curved palp 

 enlarged at the free end, and covered with spines, and an outer smooth 

 chelate limb). All the parts are chitinous. This organ I have found 

 present in many larvae, and there is little doubt but that all species 

 possess it in some form or other. MIALL gives a figure of the 

 labrum of C. dorsalis, in which a very similar organ is drawn.* A 

 somewhat similar organ may be seen in Anopheles maculipennis.-f 

 This organ has a striking resemblance to the generalized appendage 

 of the Arthropoda, the base being equivalent to the protopodite, 

 while the distal members are suggestive of the exopodite and 

 endopodite. It is possible that this organ may be the remnant of a 

 true insect appendage. According to PARKER and HASWELL the 



* MIALL & HAMMOND, The Harlequin Fly, fig. 16, p. 27. 



t NUTTALL & SHIPLEY, Journal of Hygiene, vol. I., No. i, plate 2, fig. 8. 



Text-book of Zoology, vol. I., p. 607. 



