52 



LARVAL DWELLING : transparent silk tube, frequently renewed. 



PUPA : length 6 mm. ; small spinous respiratory cones ; large tail-fin ; anterior and 



posterior spinous bosses on abdominal segments 3-6, and anterior one also on 



segment 2. 



PUPAL DWELLING : double walled transparent silk cocoon open at both ends. 

 HABITAT : ponds. 



CHIRONOMUS 12. 

 LARVA : length 5 mm. ; brown ; small 13111 segment ; very large brown or transparent 



fat-sacs in segment 9 ; anal gills constricted and tracheal ; trachea; complete ; 



aorta contractile and valvecl. 

 LARVAL DWELLING : free. 



PUPA : dark brown ; large thorax ; small respiratory cones ; no tail-fin. 

 PUPAL DWELLING : brown mud shell covering pupa, and attached to smooth wet stone. 

 HABITAT : smooth stones receiving spray from waterfalls. 



CHIRONOMUS 13. 



LARVA : length 8 mm. ; nearly transparent ; single pair of lunate eyes ; antennas 

 moderately developed ; ventral surface of epicranial plate deeply chitinous ; no 

 posterior sclerite on labrum ; complete tracheae ; anal gills constricted ; anal 

 sense organs six chitinous setae from chitinous prominence, and below them 

 pair of simple hairs. 



LARVAL DWELLING : free. 



HABITAT : swift clear brooks. 



CHIRONOMUS 14. 

 LARVA : length 10 mm. ; colour brown ; single pair of cornet-shaped eyes ; anal 



tracheal gills ; tracheae complete ; anal gills partly retractile. 

 LARVAL DWELLING : long winding mud tube of loose texture. 

 HABITAT : rivers. 



CHIRONOMUS 15. 



LARVA : length 10 mm. ; head as wide as body ; dark red ; antennae moderately 

 developed ; basal sclerite of labrum represented by two separate chitinous 

 spots ; anal claws few, large, red ; ventral surface of epicranial plates deeply 

 chitinous ; tracheae from head to anal gills ; eyes partly fused ; long hairs at 

 base of anal sensitive organs. 



LARVAL DWELLING : case fixed on one side, of wood, earth, etc. 



PUPA : respiratory cones small, tapering, spinous ; anal swimming plates fringed with 

 short hairs, posterior two enlarged into strong hooks ; abdominal segments 

 with transverse bands of spines dorsal and ventral. 



PUPAL DWELLING : the larval case, attached to it only by anal hooks. 



HABITAT : streams and ditches. 



