58 ANATOMY OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL 



their roughened surfaces, holds the bones in place and at the same 

 time allows the required amount of motion. 



The third kind, located between the joints, is called interosseous 

 ligament. 



The fourth kind, called the annular ligament binds down and 

 protects the tendons. 



Ligaments of the Ear 1 . The concha of the ear is provided with 

 a superior and an inferior ligament. 



Ligaments of the Jaw. The articulations of the lower jaw are 

 complex. The freely movable articulation is between the inferior 

 maxilla and the quadrate. Less freely movable articulations are 

 formed by the quadrate with the temporal, the zygomatic and the 

 pterygoid. A lateral ligament of the jaw, the articulo-jugale ex- 

 tends from the posterior border of the inner wing of the os articulare 

 of the inferior maxilla (Fig. 8, No. ir, and Fig. 19, No. 15) to the 

 outer border of the os quadrate jugulare. 



A lateral temporo-maxillary ligament extends from the outer sur- 

 face of the temporal bone to the outer border of the os articulare 

 of the inferior maxilla (Fig. 8, No. n, and Fig. 19, No. 14). 



Ligaments of the Vertebrae. In each space between the bodies 

 of the vertebrae there is a meniscus intervertebralis. This meniscus 

 is analogous to the annulus fibrosus of mammals (Gadow), which, 

 is possibly formed as a protrusion of the anterior surface of the ver- 

 tebral body. The meniscus or disc may develop into a ring-shaped 

 structure, the true meniscus, or it may develop to different degrees 

 as an extension of the vertebral body surface, and become, as in the 

 dorsal and lumbar regions, fused with the vertebral segments, in 

 which case it is called the annulus fibrosus. 



The vertebral disc which is connected with the atlas and which 

 is fused with that bone, represents the first meniscus, which is called 

 the ligamentum transversum atlantis. This, as well as other ligaments 

 of the spinal column, may become ossified. 



The ligament which is located between those vertebral bodies 

 which face each other and is inside the joint cavity, is called the 

 ligamentum suspensroium corporum -vertebralium. It passes through 

 the central opening of the meniscus and lies exactly in the long axis 

 of the body of the vertebra. 



The first ligament of the neck is the ligamentum suspensorium 

 dentis epistrophei. The ligamentum capsulare atlantico-occipitale 



1 The classification of Gadow is used. 



