ARTHROLOGY 59 



and the ligamentum capsulare atlantico-epistrophicum odontoideum 

 are two parts of the joint capsule of the vertebral body. Other 

 ligaments of this part are the membranes obturatoria inter-vertebrates 

 posteriores, which are located between the semicircular rims of the 

 neck vertebrae. 



The ligamentum transversum atlantis surrounds the occipital 

 condyle. 



The ligamentum nuchce is a thin, membranous, ribbon-like struc- 

 ture which lies between the muscles of the right and those of the 

 left side of the middle, and the lower part on the posterior of the neck, 

 and ends in attachments to the superior spines of the cervical 

 vertebrae. 



The ligamentum elasticum interspinale profundum and the liga- 

 mentum elasticum interspinale superficiale and the three last named 

 are the ligaments which keep the neck of the fowl in the s-shape, 

 without the action of the muscles. 



The ligamentum capsulare obliquum connects the facets of the 

 oblique processes. 



Ligaments of the Ribs. The thick inferior end of the sternal por- 

 tion of the true rib has two small articular heads, which articulate 

 with two depressions in the articular surface of the sternum. This 

 articulation is held firm by a capsular ligament. 



' The upper end of the sternal rib forms an almost perfect right angle 

 with the inferior end of the dorsal rib with which it is connected by a 

 joint provided with a synovial apparatus and a capsular ligament. 

 This arrangement allows free movement Outward and inward and is 

 the main joint in respiration. 



The upper end of the dorsal portion of the rib articulates with the 

 dorsal vertebra. The joint formed by the articular head with the 

 body of the vertebra is provided with a capsular ligament. The 

 tubercle of the rib articulates with the facet on the transverse proc- 

 ess of the dorsal vertebra, and is provided with a transverse liga- 

 ment, called the ligamentum transfer sum externum. It is also pro- 

 vided with a capsular ligament. 



The ligamentum triangulare connects each processus uncinatus 

 with the succeeding rib. This ligament is in the form of a membra- 

 nous sheet, or aponeurosis. 



Ligaments of the Sternum (Fig. 13). The external and the in- 

 ternal notches of the sternum are bridged over with a thin membrane 



