80 ANATOMY OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL 



Action. Protrudes the tongue from the mouth. 



Cerato-hyoideus (Fig. 9, No. 8). (Synonym. Kerato hyoideus.) 



Location. Inferior to the hyoid apparatus. 



Origin. By a delicate tendinous slip from the under side of the 

 shaft of the basi-hyal element of the hyoid-apparatus. 



Insertion. To a small elevation on the under side of the anterior 

 end of the glosso-hyal. 



Shape. A small round muscular fasciculus becoming tendinous in 

 its anterior half. 



Relations. Superiorly with the hyoid apparatus. 



Action. Singly, pulls the tongue to one side; acting with its 

 fellow, depresses the tongue. i . 



Sterno-hyoideus. Location. Inferior to the hyoid apparatus. 



Origin. From the outer anterior surface of the thyroid bone of 

 the superior larynx. 



Insertion. To the anterior part of the basi-hyal. 



Shape. At first broad and rather fleshy, becomes contracted and 

 somewhat tendinous. 



Relations. Inferior to the hyoid apparatus and superior larynx. 



Action. When the larynx is fixed, acting alone deflects the tongue 

 laterally; acting with its fellow, depresses the tongue. If the base 

 of the tongue is fixed the two pull the larynx forward. Hence 

 muscles of deglutition. 



Depressor-glossus. Location. Superior to the basi-hyal. 



Origin. From the under portion of the basi-hyal. 



Insertion. To under part of the glosso-hyal. 



Shape. Small, short. 



Relations. Superiorly with the basi-hyal and glosso-hyal bones. 



Action. Depresses the tip of the tongue and elevates the base. 



Cerato-glossus. Location. On the upper portion of the cornu 

 of the hyoid. 



Origin. One-half of the surface of the first basi-branchial. 



Insertion. To the upper side of the shaft of the cerato-branchial 

 element of the hyoid apparatus. 



Shape. A small muscular fasciculus. 



Relations. Supero-laterally to the cerato-branchial element. 



Action. Elevates the cornua of the hyoid arches and presses them 

 against the skull. 



Hyoideus Transversus (Fig. 9, No. 9 and 10). Location. 

 Envelops the spur process of the euro-hyal. 



