220 ANATOMY OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL 



passes along the left side of the esophagus and anastomoses with 

 branches of the inferior esophageal, forming collateral circulation 

 in that region. 



Third, the lingualis artery (Fig. 62, No. Ag) which lies between the 

 mylo-hyoideus and the posterior part of the hyoid bone. It sup- 

 plies the tongue muscles. It passes to the median surface of the 

 lower jaw bone, where are given off small branches which enter 

 the jaw and anastomose with the inferior alveolar artery. 



Fourth, the Facial Artery. The facial artery divides into the 

 following branches: 



The auricular artery is given off near the articulation of the os 

 quadratum with the os zygomaticum. It is located at the outer 

 auditory canal, and its branches are distributed to the parotid 

 region and to the depressor mandibular, or digastricus, muscle. 



The external facial artery is located between the os quadratum and 

 the masseter muscle. It gives off a branch to the lower jaw bone 

 and to the skin of that region, and then passes to the lacrimal bone 

 and supplies branches to the commissure of the mouth, the auditory 

 canal, the masseter muscle, the three eyelids (upper and lower eye- 

 lids and the membrana nictitans), the nose cavity, and the skin in 

 the frontal region. It communicates on the other side with the 

 ethmoidal artery. 



The internal facial artery passes over and through the os ptery- 

 goideum, supplies all the jaw muscles, and is continued as the inferior 

 alveolar artery. 



The inferior alveolar artery enters the canal of the lower jaw bone 

 along with the mandibular nerve. It is finally continued as the 

 mental artery, leaving the canal, and passing to the outer jaw surface. 



The facialis continues as the internal maxillary artery. 



The internal maxillary artery (Fig. 72, No. 15) supplies the ptery- 

 goid muscle, the upper part of the pharynx, the commissure of the 

 mouth, the salivary gland region, the gums, and finally anastomoses 

 with branches of the spheno-maxillaris artery. 



BRANCHES OF THE VERTEBRAL ARTERY 



The vertebral artery is given off, dorsally near the thyroid gland, 

 from the carotis communis or from the carotid trunk. The verte- 

 bral artery passes horizontally and dorsally into the canals formed 

 in the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae. After it 

 leaves the carotid, it is divided into anterior and posterior branches. 



