238 ANATOMY OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL 



The venae pharyngeae superiores are the veins on the dorsal 

 surface of the pharynx. These veins form the small plexuses which 

 unite with the two trunks of the facial veins. This forms an anas- 

 tomosis between the left and the right facial veins. 



BRANCHES OF THE EXTERNAL FACIAL VEIN 



The vena facialis externa (Fig. 62, No. B, 9) lies behind the quad- 

 rate bone and is partly covered ventrally by the inner extension 

 of the lower jaw bone. It collects the blood principally from the 

 upper region of the cranium and the face, including the comb. 



The vena facialis cutinea receives branches from the muscles in 

 the region of the jaw, the lower jaw bone, the muscles of the eyelids, 

 the frontal region, and the anastomotic branches from the vena 

 maxillaris. 



The vena temporalis is made up of veins from the skin of the tem- 

 poral region, the masseter and the tongue muscles, and from the 

 sides of the upper throat region. 



The vena palpebralis is made up from veins from the three eye- 

 lids and the temporal region near the eye. Its trunk passes lat- 

 erally over the temporo-mandibularis ligament. The vena pal- 

 pebralis collects blood from the lacrimal gland, the eyelids, and the 

 outer ear region. 



The following veins empty into the trunk of the vena facialis 

 communis : venae pharyngis superiores, vena muscularis depressoris 

 mandibulae, vena muscularis colli anterior superioris, vena lin- 

 gualis et hyoidea. The right terminal branches of the vena lin- 

 gualis empty into the vena cephalica posterior. 



The venae pharyngis superiores and vena lingualis et hyoidea 

 collect blood from the muscles of the tongue and posterior tongue 

 region. 



The vena lingualis et hyoidea (Fig. 62, No. B, 7) collects the blood 

 from the muscles of the tongue region, the lower tongue glands, and 

 the upper throat region. 



Between the two trunks of the vena facialis communis and anterior 

 to the entrance of the vena cephalica posterior there is an anastomosis, 

 the vena transversus (Fig. 62, No. B, 5). Through this anastomosis 

 which lies crosswise the two jugular veins are influenced in different 

 ways. At this point both jugular veins are of the same size. The 

 anastomotic branch lies crosswise. Through this anastomosis the 



