242 ANATOMY OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL 



Near the outer and upper part of the condyle it forms two large 

 veins and collects the blood from the vena occipitalis media. These 

 veins collect the blood from the rectus capitis anticus, and communi- 

 cate with the vena cephalica anterior. 



The vena occipitalis externa, sometimes called the vena occip- 

 italis collateralis, extends from the vena auris, and receives vessels 

 from the neck region. It receives on the side of the occipito- 

 atloid joint the vena occipitalis interna. The vena occipitalis 

 externa forms a junction with the vena vertebralis emptying 

 into the transverse vein. 



THE VEINS OF THE NECK 



BRANCHES OF THE VENA JUGULARIS 



The trunks of the vena jugularis or vena cephalica communis 

 pass subcutaneously on both sides near the trachea and the esopha- 

 gus. Near the height of the thyroid gland they almost touch the 

 carotid artery. They then cross, dorsalward, the trunk of the sub- 

 clavian artery, and in their course receive the vertebral vein and 

 unite with the subclavian vein toward the side of the vena brachio- 

 cephalica. The union on the right side lies to the right of the 

 anterior aorta, and the union on the left side lies to the left of the 

 pulmonary artery. 



The jugular vein (Fig. 18, No. 4) receives in its course the follow- 

 ing veins: 



The venae linguales (Fig. 62, No. B, 7), which at times empty 

 into the vena cephalica posterior. 



The vena occipito-collares, which arises on the ventral side from 

 the muscles of the neck and the vertebrae; empties into the vena 

 occipitalis lateralis and also communicates with the vena jugularis 

 by anastomoses. 



The venae ascendentes laterales, which collect blood from the 

 lateral sides of the neck. 



The venae colli cutineae, which enter the jugular vein laterally. 

 The upper branches are directed crosswise, and are shorter than the 

 lower ones. The lower branches are located near the thorax, are 

 directed upward, and anastomose by fine terminal twigs. Plexuses 

 are frequently formed in the inner side of the skin of the neck. 



