272 ANATOMY OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL 



then passes downward along the quadrate bone, where it receives a 

 large branch from the glosso-pharyngeus. This nerve also gives 

 branches to the mylo-hyoideus and the stylo-hyoideus muscle, crosses 

 laterally the glosso-pharyngeus, and finally fuses with branches 

 of the subcutaneous and with the first, the second, the third, and 

 the fourth cervical nerves. After this fusion the nerves innervate 

 the skin of the anterior of the neck and the constrictor colli muscle. 



The facialis anastomoses as follows: with a fine branch of the 

 sympathetic temporo-lacrimalis, indirectly with the ramus trigemi- 

 nus, with the large cervical nerve ganglion and with the spheno- 

 palatine ganglion and nerve. 



The Vagus Group. The ninth, the tenth, and the eleventh cra- 

 nial nerves are by some anatomists called the vagus group, first so 

 called by Willis. They are made up of both sensory and motor 

 nerves. 



The Glosso-pharyngeus. The roots of the glosso-pharyngeus (Fig. 

 62, No. C, 16; Fig. 76, No. 13) emerge, along with those of the vagus, 

 from the medulla oblongata, and enter, as a short trunk, the foramen 

 jugulare et caroticum. Between these two nerves there is usually 

 found a thin portion of bone. The trunk of the glosso-pharyngeus 

 forms a ganglion in the foramen jugulare et caroticum where it 

 receives connecting branches from the near-by ganglion radicis and 

 vagus nerve. The glosso-pharyngeus passes out of the foramen 

 jugulare et caroticum above the large superior smpathetic nerve gan- 

 glion, with which it communicates. The glosso-pharyngeus passes 

 diagonally over the ramus temporo-lacrimalis of the sympathetic 

 system, and then receives a very strong branch from the vagus (Fig. 

 76, No. 12). It sends a short branch to the recurrent lacrimalis of 

 the sympathetic system. At this point there is formed a reddish- 

 yellow ganglion, the petrosal ganglion, which is similar to the petrosal 

 ganglion of mammals. Frequently it is found close below the large 

 superior cervical nerve ganglion. The petrosal ganglion is fre- 

 quently connected by special fibers with the cervical nerve ganglion, 

 the large superior cervical nerve ganglion and the ganglion radicis 

 vagi. The glosso-pharyngeus is divided into the following branches. 



First, the recurrent pharyngeus which gives branches to the upper 

 part of the throat and which is tortuous in its course. It receives 

 a branch from the superior cervical nerve ganglion and gives off 

 branches to the salivary glands and papillae of the posterior tongue 

 region. 



