450 SCHULTE, SEI ^YHALE. 



being closely applied to the ccecum. The change of diameter in the jejuno-ileum is not great, 

 and in many places the coils were so appressed as to be flattened or otherwise deformed in 

 contour. As a whole, however, the diameter diminishes distad and it can be said of the first 

 three loops that they perceptibly exceed the last three in size of the tube. There was no trace 

 of Meckel's diverticulum. 



Colon. From the ileo-colic junction, which faces to the left, the colon passes rostrad and 

 to the left towards the spleen, where it turns sharply upon itself describing a narrow arch rostrad 

 of the duodeno-jejunal junction and descends to the left of the ascending portion of the duo- 

 denum. It reaches the midline in the interval between the kidneys and following the contour of 

 the left kidney makes a decided excursion to the left at its lower pole. Thereafter it gradually 

 returns to the midline, which it regains opposite the upper third of the vagina, there con- 

 tinuing to its termination in the rectum. The mesocolon is narrow in its whole extent, attain- 

 ing a maximum breadth of 5 mm. only for a short distance at the lower pole of the left kidney. 

 From the cephalic border of the transverse duodenum rostrad to a little beyond the summit 

 of the loop, that is, precisely, to a point vertically above the left margin of the ascending duo- 

 denum, the colon has lost its mesentery. Thence caudad as far as the transverse portion of 

 the duodenum, the right leaf of the mesocolon is fused with the primitive mesentery of the 

 duodenum, while its left leaf has become adherent to the parietes, and is reflected directly from 

 the colon to the dorsal abdominal wall. These two segments of the intestine, ascending duo- 

 denum and descending colon are in contact, but retain their peritoneal covering, and are not 

 otherwise attached to one another than by the fusion of their mesenteries in the manner just 

 described. The arch of the colon is in contact on the left with the spleen and the tail of the 

 pancreas which separate it from the first portion of the stomach. To the right it continues 

 to have the pancreas adherent to its rostral aspect and is further overlain by the papillary process 

 of the liver, from which it is separated by the lesser sac. 



The obliquely ascending colon is fused with the lobe of the pancreas that occupies the 

 duodenal loop. From the rostral margin of the transverse duodenum, as has been said, it is 

 free and retains its portion of the mesenterium commune. The interval between the ascend- 

 ing and descending loops of the colon is small and is occupied by the root of the mesentery, the 

 ascending portion of the duodenum, and the duodeno-jejunal junction. The ascending colon 

 has a length of 23 mm. 



Caecum. The ccecum is short, about 4 mm. in length, and closely applied to the terminal 

 ileum. I could find no distinct folds between them. Ventrad however the two were adherent 

 for a short distance, which may be taken as an indication of the anterior vascular fold. The 

 ccecum is rounded at its apex but somewhat beveled at the expense of its right margin. The 

 ileum joins the colon almost in line with its long axis, the region of junction lying upon the right 

 kidney and against the right leaf of the mesentery. It is thus placed against the dorsal wall 

 of the abdominal cavity and not well ventrad as is sometimes stated. As the ileo-colic junc- 

 tion faces to the left it is evident that not only has the gut as a whole undergone rotation, but 

 that the further act of rotation of the ascending colon on its long axis has also been accom- 

 plished. 



Liver. The liver is of large size, massive and of relatively simple conformation. It 

 occupies almost the whole of the preumbilical region on the right side, extending from the dia- 

 phragm well down upon the kidney. The left lobe is much smaller in all dimensions, as not 



