SCHULTE, SET WHALE. 453 



A major role in determining these conditions in this foetus must be assigned to the general 

 shape of the abdominal cavity, which caudad of the umbilicus is reduced to small dimensions 

 and contains only the genito-urinary organs and the terminal colon. In consequence the whole, 

 or all but the whole, of the small intestine has been displaced cephalad of the usual position in 

 mammals and there has resulted a very compact massing together of the remaining viscera below 

 the diaphragm. In the foetuses of Tursiops from Mr. Andrews's collection, the post umbilical 

 compartment was of larger size and contained a large part of the jejuno-ilium, while the enor- 

 mous liver, of which the left lobe was far larger than in the Balcenoptera, occupied the bulk of the 

 space in the rostral compartment. To it the stomach, pancreas and duodenum were closely 

 adherent. 



Pancreas. This organ has two large divisions or lobes which diverge from their region 

 of union beside the ampulla duodeni; one, sagittal in position, passes caudad into the loop of 

 the duodenum, the other, directed obliquely cephalad and to the left, lies upon the ascending 

 colon and sends a prolongation beyond its arch upon the first stomach to touch the spleen. In 

 dorsal view these two divisions are separated by a deep and nearly horizontal groove which lodges 

 the portal vein and hepatic artery. The transverse lobe or body is placed immediately above 

 the coeliac axis, which dividing into hepatic and gastric arteries, marks out a triangular area 

 on the pancreas, that may be taken as the dorsal surface of the body. This is non-peritoneal ; 

 its upper margin is well defined, and separates it from the hepatic surface of the lobe. To the 

 left of the gastric artery a small prolongation is wedged in between the arch of the colon and the 

 first stomach, its extremity just touching the spleen. This portion, or tail of the pancreas, is 

 wholly non-peritoneal and adheres to the organs with which it is in contact. The ventral surface 

 of this division, body and tail, falls into two parts. The caudal, in its whole length, is adherent 

 to the ascending colon and the colic arch. The rostral is covered by peritoneum of the lesser 

 sac, which separates it from the stomach, save that the region between the gastric and hepatic 

 arteries, forming the base of the triangular dorsal area and corresponding in a general way to 

 the body of the more usual type of pancreas, is broadly adherent to the liver in the region of 

 the transverse fissure and the base of the Spigelian lobe. The Spigelian recess is obliterated 

 except in relation to the enormous papillary process, which retains its peritoneal covering. This 

 transverse lobe of the pancreas, extending from the ampulla duodeni to the spleen forms with 

 the ventrally placed stomach the boundary of a transversely oval retrogastric space, into which 

 projects the processus papillaris, by which it is all but completely filled. This is the only portion 

 of the liver which retains a covering by peritoneum of the lesser sac, and from its periphery 

 reflection takes place upon the stomach, colon and gastric surface of the pancreas. 



The sagittal portion of the pancreas in dorsal view is bounded by the descending and trans- 

 verse portions of the duodenum and to the left by the root of the mesentery. The left portion 

 of this surface is adherent to the postcava, which descends here with a strong inclination to the 

 left. The right portion, more than half of the dorsal surface, is covered by peritoneum. The 

 portal vein, formed by the junction of the gastric and superior mesenteric, is lodged in the deep 

 groove between the two divisions of the pancreas, and is directed nearly horizontally to the right. 

 Here it is not only in contact with the postcava immediately prior to its entrance into the liver, 

 but the two veins are adherent to one another, entailing as a consequence the obliteration of 

 Winslow's foramen. Ventrally this lobe of the pancreas is concealed by the ascending colon, 

 except its most rostral portion, where it joins the transverse division, and this is adherent to the 



