Vertebral Column 31 



be considered when dealing with the region of the transverse process in the lumbar 

 series, and it is only necessary to recognise them here (see p. 35). 



Certain roughened areas for fibrous attachments can be made out on the transverse 

 process of a typical dorsal vertebra (Fig. 26). On the front, a somewhat hollow and 

 triangular area marks the attachment of the middle costo-transverse ligament ; below 

 this a convex roughness is for the superior costo-transverse ligament of the rib below. 

 On the top of the process is the impression of the inter-transverse muscular and 

 tendinous bands, and the corresponding mark on the lower aspect is nearer the outer 



FIG. 25. The two last dorsal and first two lumbar vertebrae, to show the tuberculated 

 modification of these dorsal transverse processes, best marked in the twelfth. 



end. At the outer end is a thick lip which is behind the outer border of the facet and 

 gives attachment to the external or posterior costo-transverse ligament : it runs 

 below into a tuberculated impression for the origin of the Levator costae muscle, and 

 the tubercle is better marked in the lower members of the series in conformity with the 

 larger size of the muscle in them (see Fig. 42). 



On the posterior surfaces are slight markings for tendinous fibres of Multifidus 

 and Semispinalis, with Rotatores spins above these : the markings are more noticeable 

 in the upper half of the region, owing to the additional origins of Complexus, Trans- 

 versus cervicis, and Trachelo-mastoid, but the different attachments cannot be 



