Limbs : Upper Limb 



1 )eltoid and Coraco brachialis, and if this is not great the musculo-cutaneous nerve 

 may lie in contact with the bone for a short distance here before passing on to the 

 muscle. 



At its lower part, moreover, the area of origin of the muscle seems to vary in 

 extent, but it always ends some little distance above the capsule. There is a large 

 origin from the internal septum, but there can be none from the outer septum, except 

 ;it its upper end. 



The capsule of the elbow-joint makes a distinct marking on the bone, well above 

 the coronoid and capitular fossae in front, but across the floor of the olecranon fossa 

 behind. The upper part of the olecranon fossa contains loose fatty tissue which is 

 continuous, through deficiencies in the 

 capsule leading to the subsynovial 

 plane, with intra-articular fatty pads. 



Condyles. 



Inner condyle (or epicondyle) is 

 the more prominent, in an inward and 

 backward direction,* though the outer 

 supracondylar ridge is better marked 

 and sharper than the inner. Two 

 surfaces are visible (Fig. 68) on the 

 inner prominence when looked at from 

 the front : one is antero-internal, and 

 is for the superficial flexor muscles of 

 the forearm, while the other extends 

 along the whole length of the lower 

 aspect, and marks the attachment of 

 the internal lateral ligament. The 

 most anterior fibres of this ligament 

 are those that arise from the extreme 

 mesial end of this lower facet and are 

 therefore the most superficial, and it is on to this that the Flexor Sublimis extends 

 from its humeral origin, which is from the deepest part of the upper facet, to reach its 

 ulnar origin on the coronoid process (see Fig. 77). 



Immediately above the upper part and close to the supracondylar ridge is the 

 origin of Pronator teres. This is not a rounded origin, but has an area in the shape 

 of an elongated and narrow triangle with base downwards, which can be easily seen on 

 the bone, marked out by the diverging lines produced by the thin aponeurotic covering. 

 The internal brachial ligament of Struthers is attached to the tip of the process behind 

 the lower end of the pronator origin. 



FIG. 69. I, Humerus with supracondylar process. 2, 

 Humerus of cat, showing the supracondylar foramen 

 for nerve and artery. 



This is a thin fibrous cord attached above to the coracoid process, and possibly represents the 

 lower portion of the Coraco-brachialis sheet : it may be connected with the internal septum or 

 with the supracondylar process if this is present. The supracondylar process (Fig. 69) is found 

 now and then, and is a hook-like point of bone continuous with a fibrous band, from which the 

 Pronator teres may arise and under which the median nerve and brachial artery may run : it is 

 looked on as an atavistic structure, representing the front wall of the bony foramen found normally 

 in carnivora and some other animals and transmitting the nerve and artery. 



* It may be pointed out here, as a fact of some surgical importance, that the inner condyle points in 

 the same inward and backward direction as the head of the bone. 



