154 FOODS AND FOOD ADULTERANTS. 



selenite the starches of tubers showed a more varied play of colors than 

 the cereal and leguminous starches which are produced above ground. 

 On this fact Blyth has made another classification. Both are of value 

 and interest. 



VogeVs table of the different starches and arrowroots of commerce. 

 A. Granules simple, bounded by rounded surfaces. 



I. Nucleus central, layers concentric. 



a. Mostly round or from the side lens-sLaped. 



1. Large granules .0396 - .0528 mm , rye starch. 



2. Large granules .0352 - .0396 mm , wheat starch. 



3. Large granules .0264, barley starch. 



b. Egg-shaped, oval, kidney-shaped. Hilum often long and ragged. 



1. Large granules .032 - .079 inm , leguminous starches. 



II. Nucleus eccentric, layers plainly eccentric or meniscus shaped. 



a. Granules not at all or only slightly flattened. 



1. Nucleus mostly at the smaller end .06 - .10 nim , potato starch. 



2. Nucleus mostly at the broader end or towards the middle in simple gran- 



ules .022 - .060 mm , maranta starch. 

 I. Granules more or less strongly flattened. 



1. Many drawn out to a short point at one end. 



a. At most .060 mm long, curcuma starch. 

 1). As much as .132 mm long, canna starch. 



2. Many lengthened to bean-shaped, disk-shaped, or flattened ; nucleus near 



the broader end .044 - .075 mm , banana starch. 



3. Many strongly kidney-shaped; nucleus near the edge .048 - .056 mm , sis- 



yrinchium starch. 



4. Egg-shaped ; at one end reduced to a wedge, at the other enlarged ; nu- 



cleus at smaller end .05 - .07 mm , yam starch. 



B. Granules simple or compound, single granules or parts of granules, either bound- 

 ed entirely by plane surfaces, many angled, or by partly round surfaces. 



I. Granules entirely angular. 



1. Many with prominent nucleus. At most .0066 mr 



2. Without a nucleus. The largest .00d8 r 



II. Among the many angled also rounded forms. 



a. No partly rounded forms present, angular form predominating. 



1. Without nucleus or depression very small, ,0044 mm , oat starch. 



2. With nucleus or depression .0132 - .0220 nim . 



a. Nucleus or its depression considerably rounded ; here and there the 

 granules united into differently formed groups, buckwheat starch. 



I. Nucleus mostly radiatory or star-shaped; all the granules free, 

 maize (corn) starch. 



b. More or less numerous kettle-drum and sugar-loaf like forms. 



1. Very numerous eccentric layers ; the largest granules .022 - .0352 mm , 



batata starch. 



2. Without layers or rings .08 - .022 mm . 



a. In the kettle drum-shaped granules the nucleal depression mostly 



widened on the flattened side, .008 - .022 mm , cassava starch. 



b. Depression wanting or not enlarged. 



an. Nucleus small, eccentric, .008 - .016 mm , pachijrhizus starch, 

 bb. Nucleus small, central, or wanting. 



aaa. Many irregular angular forms. 008 - .0176 inm , sechium starch. 



bbb. But few angular forms ; some with radiatory nucleal fis- 

 sure, .008 - .0176, castanospermum starch. 



