1915- No. 2. 



SPITSBERGEN WATERS. 



showing how very little effect the melting of ice even when it reaches 

 deeper, has on the temperature of the water-strata. The series of obser- 

 vations was taken first at a distance of about 200 metres, and then at 

 100 metres from the perpendicular ice-wall of the Lilliehook Glacier des- 

 cending to the bottom of the sea (Figs. 30 and 81). The depth of the fjord, 

 200 metres from the ice- wall, was about 114 metres, and 100 metres from 

 the glacier about 140 metres. The strange fact is that the cold inter- 

 mediate layer at this station, near the glacier, was considerably thinner and 



Fig. 31. The ice-wall of the Lilliehook Glacier, seen from the Veslemoy at Stat. 13, July ipth, 1912. 



warmer than at Stat. 14 farther out in the fjord, and even the minimum 

 temperature was higher than at the latter station (see Fig. 12). At Stat. 13 

 the minimum temperature was 0.25 C. at 50 metres, while at Stat. 14 

 it was i.oiC. at the same depth; and strange to say, the salinity was 

 somewhat higher at Stat. 13 than at Stat. 14. Thougfrthe sea-water should 

 be cooled to its freezing-point by contact with fresh-water ice (glacier ice) 

 still these observations might almost seem to indicate that in this case 

 the mass of glacier ice may, in some way or other, have helped to raise ( 

 the temperature of the cold intermediate layer of the fjord. It is also 

 remarkable that at 100 metres near the wall of the glacier I observed 



