1915. No. 2. 



SPITSBERGEN WATERS. 



6 7 



were taken deeper than at 150 metres, and at Stat. 41 a no observations 

 deeper than at ioo metres. The series of the latter station may, however 

 be combined with the deeper series taken at Stat. 41 i hour and 45 mi- 

 nutes earlier, and only a short distance off 1 . 



Fig. 54 represents the section through these stations. The inclination 

 of the isopycnals indicate that the currents should have had westward di- 

 rected components (perpendicular to the section) between the surface and 

 10 metres (see the isopycnal of 27.00), and east- 

 ward directed components between 20 and 200 

 metres (see the isopycnals of 27.50 to 27.90). 



Let us assume that at depths of 300 metres 

 there was no appreciable difference between the 

 densities at the Stations (40, 41 and 41 a), and 

 that the movements of the water at that depth 

 were negligible. If we draw the curves of the 

 vertical distribution of density at Stat. 40 and 

 41 a (and 41), Fig. 55, we can compute the velo- 

 cities of the currents by means of the simple 

 method that I have described [1913, p. 49]. We 2 00- 

 then find the following values of velocity for 

 the components of the currents, directed east- 

 wards at an angle of 90 with our section: 



At the Surface n.6 cm. per second 

 At 10 metres 0.6 



20 7.2 



50 3.6 



ioo 2.3 



300 o.o 



According to our current-measurements the 

 average velocities and directions of the currents 

 should have been about thefollowing (seepp.55,59). 



At the Surface 12.7 cm. pr. second towards S66W 



10 metres 1.9 N 44 E 



20 7.8 N 6W 



50 3-6 N 55 E 



Fig. 54. Sections through Stats. 



40 an d 4I ( an d 41 a) Aug. 17 

 l8 > 1 9- " Horizontal Scale 



i : 1,000,000. Vertical Scale 

 1:4,000 Stat. 41 a (/. e. the ob- 

 servations between o and ioo 

 at 41) were taken about 2 kilo- 

 metres nearer to Stat. 40 than 

 given in this figure. 



3-4 



If our section was directed along the meridian, and these angles are 

 introduced our computations will give the following values for the currents : 



1 Two later series of observations, taken at the same station (41 b and 41 c), gave higher 

 densities than the series at 413. But they were taken more than a day later, and so 

 long time after the observations at Stat. 40, that they cannot be used for computations 

 such as these, even if we take into consideration the distance that the ship may have 

 drifted in the mean time. 



