ANTIQUITY OF TOBACCO-SMOKING 105 



a reed or pipe for the relief of obstinate cough and 

 difficult breathing. Here it may be of interest to mention 

 the discovery in recent years of a small description of 

 smoking-pipe, resembling in size and form the cutty of the 

 Scot or the dhudeen of the Irish peasant, among Roman 

 structures, both in these islands and on the Continent. 



Dr. Bruce, in his History of the Roman Wall, speaking 

 of these pipes, asks : ' Shall we enumerate smoking-pipes 

 amongst the articles belonging to the Roman period? 

 Some of them have, indeed, a medieval aspect ; but the fact 

 of their being frequently found in Roman stations along 

 with pottery and other remains, undoubtedly Roman, 

 should not be overlooked.' The Abbe Cocket had found 

 similar clay pipes in the Roman Necropolis near Dieppe, 

 and in his work on subterranean Normandy he says they 

 must surely have belonged to the seventeenth century. 

 But, on subsequently hearing of Doctor Bruce's discovery 

 of similar pipes in his exploration of the Roman Wall, he 

 reverted to his first opinion, that those he had himself 

 found were indeed Roman. Since then Baron de 

 Bonstetten has investigated the subject ; and in his work 

 entitled Recucil des Antiqitites he gives drawings of these 

 pipes, and declares his opinion to be that they are fair 

 specimens of European smoking-instruments in use before 

 the days of Columbus, and possibly before those of Julius 

 Caesar. That smoking-pipes have been found among 

 authentic Roman remains is beyond question. What use 

 the Romans made of them we have already learned from 

 Pliny ; and doubtless the Roman soldier, on outpost duty 

 in this fog-begirt island, would often have need of whatever 

 little comfort he could get out of his small pipeful of 

 coltsfoot. 



Both in Ireland and Scotland somewhat similar pipes 



