THE PLAGUE: BACTERIOLOGY, MORBID ANATOMY, AND 



HISTOPATHOLOGY. 



(INCLUDING A CONSIDERATION OF INSECTS AS PLAGUE CARRIERS.) 



By Maximilian Herzog, M. D., Pathologist Biological Laboratory. 



PREFACE. 



The "Great Black Death/' the most dreaded scourge of the 

 Middle Ages — the grim reaper who, as is estimated, in the four- 

 teenth century, within three years, carried away in Europe twenty- 

 five millions of people — had, as it seemed, vanished from the surface 

 of the globe, when about ten years ago a new great pandemic of 

 plague, which still persists, appeared in China and India. From 

 here it made excursions into London, Oporto, Glasgow, Triest, 

 Alexandria, Sidney, Hamburg, Bremen, and Naples — however 

 (thanks to the modern methods of meeting infectious and contagious 

 diseases), without there gaining a foothold or assuming dangerous 

 epidemic proportions. 



At present the dreaded disease has not merely reached our own 

 Far Eastern, transoceanic possessions — the Philippine Islands — but 

 it has even established itself endemically in California at San 

 Francisco. While it is to be hoped that with proper, vigilance and 

 with a continuous, untiring practice of the prophylactic measures 

 which we are taught by modern hygiene the plague may never 

 assume dangerous epidemic proportions, either in the Philippines 

 or in the United States, we have every reason to keep it in view 

 and to study it carefully in all of its phases. Therefore we need 

 not apologize for offering in this bulletin a contribution to the 

 bacteriology, morbid anatomy, and histopathology of plague as 

 gained from both a perusal of literature and more particularly from 



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