GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 47 



you find a clench rise you may be certain that 

 you have done something wrong; either the crust 

 did not bear upon the shoe all round, or the nail- 

 holes did not pass straight through the shoe, or 

 the heads of the nails did not fill the bottom of 

 the holes. Any one of these things may cause a 

 clench to rise; and a risen clench is a sure sign 

 of careless shoeing. 



I may mention, as further proof of the sufficiency 

 of three nails to keep on a shoe, that Colonel Key, 

 who commands the loth Hussars, at present stationed 

 at Exeter, has four horses shod with three nails 

 only in each fore-shoe. Finding how my horses 

 were shod, he was induced to try the plan upon his 

 hack, and felt so satisfied with the result that he 

 immediately had the others similarly shod, and con- 

 tinues to do so ; and an officer in the Prussian 

 Hussars, who did me the honor to translate my 

 book upon the Horse's Foot into German and pub- 

 lish it at his own expense at Frankfort- sur-Maine, 

 writes me that his horses also are shod with three 



