184 AGRICULTURAL SURVEY OF chap. T17, 



and after the covering furrow, the plough goes 

 twice or thrice round the ridge, before planting 

 again, so as to bring the rows to their proper 

 distance. And thus they proceed with every 

 ridge in the field, till the whole operation be 

 completed. But it may happen, that, if the 

 hands employed in planting are too few, the 

 plough must .stand still for some time ; or if 

 they are sufficiently numerous to keep the plough 

 constantly at work, then they must stand idle 

 all the time the plough is employed in tilling 

 the spaces between the rows. In order, there- 

 fore, to save time and labour, the planting 

 should be carried on upon two ridges at the 

 same time ; so that when the planters are at 

 work on the one ridge, the plough may be em- 

 ployed on the other. By this method, the 

 farmer is not under the necessity of having more 

 hands than can be kept constantly at work. 



2</, Sort* Seed has been sometimes pro- 

 duced from the apple, and much attention has 

 been paid to bring them to perfection as soon 

 as possible. This practice, it has been alleged, 

 is necessary to prevent degeneracy and a dimi- 

 nution of the crop. Of this, however, I appre- 

 hend, there would be little danger, even from the 

 continued use of cuttings for seed, provided due 

 attention is paid to soil and culture. It is not 

 easy to express* intelligibly the different kinds 

 by their names, as the same species is often 

 called by different names in different parts of 

 the country, The kinds most usually planted 

 are, the large and small kidney ; the round, and 

 the oblong flat white, and the species usually 

 Called the Tartar. This last is. much esteemed, 



