396 



3d. If a steep and craggy appearance present itself 

 on one side of a mountain, does it face an extensive 

 valley through which runs a river, large or small ? If 

 so, what is the direction of its current, and the greatest 

 height to which such river has been known to rise, 

 from rains, melting of snows, &c. ? 



4th. If such river exist, is its general course through 

 the middle of the valley,\or does it run any distance 

 near the foot of the mountain ? 



5th. If a river pass either obliquely or at right an- 

 gles through the mountain, where rocks are presented 

 to view, to any considerable height above the water, 

 are there any appearances of the operations of currents 

 upon the rocks, above the greatest height that such 

 river has been known to rise ? If so, what appears to 

 have been the direction of such currents ? This may 

 be easily determined by the following remarks : 



1st. The parts, or points of rocks, against which the 

 currents were opposed, will present a smoother sur- 

 face and more worn than the side which looks down 

 the stream, or against which the current was not op- 

 posed. 



gdly. Pot-like holes, formed in the rocks by the op- 

 eration of currents, are often observable in situations 

 far above the present level of any streams in their vi- 

 cinity. A careful examination of these, will enable 

 the observer to determine the course of the current by 

 \vhich they were formed and by the following 

 marks : The side over which the current flows into 

 the hole, is generally shelving under, on the up-stream 



