CONTENTS. 



XV. THE GLACIAL OR ICE EPOCH. 



THE GLACIAL EPOCH AS DISTINGUISHED FROM THE PRE - GLA- 

 CIAL OR LATER TERTIARY ITS BOULDER-CLAYS, GRAVEL- 

 DRIFTS, AND ERRATIC BLOCKS LIMIT OF THESE IN THE 

 NORTHERN HEMISPHERE CONDITIONS UNDER WHiqH THEY 

 APPEAR TO HAVE BEEN FORMED ICE-MANTLE, GLACIERS, 

 AND ICEBERGS DURATION OF THE PERIOD PAUCITY OF 

 LIFE DEPRESSION AND RE-ELEVATION OF LAND GRADUAL 

 RETURN OF MORE GENIAL CONDITIONS ESTABLISHMENT 

 OF EXISTING ARRANGEMENTS, PHYSICAL AND VITAL RE- 

 CURRENCE OF COLDER AND WARMER CYCLES IN TIME, 231 



XVI. RECENT FORMATIONS. 



RECENT OR POST-TERTIARY FORMATIONS LATEST CHAPTER IN 

 GEOLOGICAL HISTORY FLUVIATILE : DALES AND RIVER- 

 TERRACES LACUSTRINE : ALLUVIAL FLATS AND STRATHS 

 ESTUARINE : PLAINS AND DELTAS MARINE : SILTS, SAND- 

 DRIFTS, AND RAISED BEACHES CHEMICAL : MINERAL PRE- 

 CIPITATES AND EXUDATIONS ORGANIC : VEGETABLE AND 

 ANIMAL GROWTHS VOLCANIC : LAVAS, TUFAS, ETC. EX- 

 TENT AND VARIETY OF RECENT FORMATIONS THEIR STUDY 

 THE KEY TO THOSE OF EARLIER DATES CHRONOLOGICAL AR- 

 RANGEMENT OF HISTORIC AND PRE-HISTORIC HUMAN 

 AND PRE-HUMAN, . . . . . 249 



XVII. MAN'S PLACE IN THE GEOLOGICAL RECORD. 



THE GEOLOGICAL RECORD NATURE OF ITS CHRONOLOGICAL 

 STAGES DIFFICULTIES AND IMPERFECTIONS COMPARATIVE 

 RECENTNESS OF MAN'S PLACE NATURE OF THE EVIDENCE 

 PREJUDICES TO BE COMBATED MAN'S EARLIER LIFE-COM- 

 PANIONS IN SOUTHERN AND WESTERN EUROPE THEIR RE- 

 MOVALS AND EXTINCTIONS TRACES OF HIS OWN RACE 

 PRE-HISTORIC AND HISTORIC AGES OF STONE, BRONZE, AND 

 IRON SHELL-MOUNDS, CAVE-DWELLINGS, LAKE-DWELLINGS, 

 ETC. MAN IN OTHER REGIONS GENERAL QUESTION OF 

 MAN'S ANTIQUITY HOW TO BE SOLVED, . . 273 



