INDEX. 



327 



Rain, geological effects of, 39. 



Raised beaches, examples of, 59. 



Raised beaches or ancient sea-margins, 

 260. 



RECENT FORMATIONS, 249-272. 



Rein-deer stage of post-tertiary era, 286. 



Reptiles occurring in carboniferous 

 system, 169. 



Reptiles, so called, age of, 193. 



Rhinoceros, woolly-haired, extinction 

 of, 270. 



Rhytina, extinction of, in Behring 

 Island, 271. 



River-gravels, high and low level, 257. 



Rivers, geological effects of, 41. 



Roches moutonne'es, how formed, 221. 



Rock, definition of the term, 19. 



Rock - formations, chronological ar- 

 rangement of, 29. 



Rocks, chemical composition, 24. 



Ross, Sir James, on antarctic icebergs, 

 222. 



Salinas of South America, their pro- 

 ducts, 261. 



Salses, definition of, 55. 

 Salt-water ice, nature and formation 



of, 226. 



Sand-dunes or drifts of existing sea- 

 shores, 259. 

 Sandstones of the coal-measures, their 



value, 182. 



Scandinavian coast, uprise of, 58, 59. 

 Scientific importance of geological 



science, 32. 

 Sea-ice, varieties and descriptions of, 



227. 

 Sea-margins or ancient sea -beaches, 



880. 



SECONDARY AGES, THE, 186-200. 

 Secondary formations, economic value 



of, 199. 

 Secondary systems, nature of their 



strata, 191. 

 Secondary systems, their fossil flora 



and fauna, 192. 

 Secondary systems, their systematic 



arrangement, 190. 



Seismology, science of earth-shocks, 66. 

 Serpula reefs, their formation and 



thickness, 265. 

 Slnlcs and coals, distinction between 



(note), 154. 



Shales of the coal-measures, 163. 

 Shales of the coal-measures, their 



value, 183. 

 Shell-beds, their formation and extent, 



265. 



Siberian coast, uprise of, 58, 59. 

 Silurian system, its rocks and fossils, 



93. 



Sinters, calcareous and siliceous, 262. 

 Sivatherium, tertiary mammal, 210. 

 Snow, nature and formation of, 215. 

 Snow-line, latitudinal limits of, 218. 

 Soil, fossil, of the oolite (note), 197. 



fiolfataras and suffioni, 55. 



Solitaire, extinction of, in Mauritius, 

 271. 



Sombrero, island, and formation of, 265. 



Spawn (fossil) of crustaceans, 136. 



Springs, geological results of, 42. 



Stalactites and stalagmites, their ori- 

 gin, 262. 



Stalagmites and stalactites, their ori- 

 gin, 262. 



Stone age, subdivisions of, 280. 



Stone, bronze, and iron ages, relative 

 antiquities, 279. 



Stone implements found in India, 289. 



Stratheden in Fife, its formations, 257. 

 1 Stratified rocks, how formed, 20. 



Stream-works, nature of, 109. 



Stylonurus, crustacean of the old red, 

 136. 



Sub-fossil, definition of the term, 111. 



Submarine forests of Britain (note), 

 258. 



Submarine forests of British coasts, 

 267. 



Sun-cracks on strata of old red sand- 

 stone, 133. 



Surveys, geological, progress of, 199. 



Swamp and jungle growths, 264. 



Tait, Bishop, on the duty of scientific 



inquiry, 277. 



Temperature of the earth's interior, 18. 

 Terraces, on river banks, 251. 

 Tertiary basins of Europe, 204. 

 Tertiary flora and fauna, 205, 207. 

 Tertiary strata, their economic value 



211. 



Tertiary system, subdivisions of, 203. 

 TERTIARY TIMES, 201-212. 

 Theophrastus on coal, 157. 

 Theories of life development, 302. 

 Theory of the earth, Button's, quoted, 



20, 35, 49, 57. 



Tides, their geological effects, 41. 

 Transition rocks of the older geologists, 



77. 



Trap rocks, summary of, 62. 

 Travertines or calcareous tufas, 262. 

 Trias or triassic system, 189. 

 Trilobites of the Silurian system, 95. 

 Tripoli or polishing stone, nature of, 



Tropical character of future lands, 



312: 

 Tufa-cones, nature and inclination of, 



52. 

 Tufas, calcareous and siliceous, 262. 



Unstratified rocks, how formed, 21. 

 Uralla gold-field, section of, 253. 



Variation, tendency to, in plants and 



animals, 317. 

 Vegetable kingdom, schemes of, 121, 



122. 

 Wein and vein-stuffs, definition of, 103. 



