APPENDIX. 21 



10. All discharges from the sick to be received into vessels containing 

 disinfectants (Calvert's or MacdougalFs Carbolic Powder), and, if con- 

 venient, deposited in the ground to the depth of about two feet. If 

 disposed of by w.-c., it should afterwards be freely flushed with the 

 carbolic solution. 



SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS. 



SCARLET FEVER. 



11. To prevent infection by the particles which peel off from the 

 skin, the patient should be anointed once a-day with carbolic oil, made 

 with one part of carbolic acid, to fifty of olive oil. The efflorescence 

 (or peeling off) is first seen on the skin of neck and arms, and begins 

 sometimes as early as the fourth day. The anointing should be com- 

 plete, including the head, the oil being freely applied to the roots of 

 the hair. This should be continued for six weeks, a warm bath being 

 given weekly during that time. After this period (six weeks), the 

 patient may mix with the other members of the family ; but children 

 should not return to school for two weeks longer. 



MEASLES. 



12. The same rules as above to be observed, with the addition that 

 the discharges from the mouth and nostrils should be received on 

 cloths which may be destroyed by burning. 



TYPHOID FEVER. 



13. The poison by which this fever spreads is chiefly contained in 

 discharges from the bowels. These may infect the air of the sick-room, 

 the bed, and body-linen of the patient, and the w.-c. and drains con- 

 nected with it. If thence they escape to the soil by soaking into wells, they 

 poison the drinking-water. This is a common and dangerous way by 

 which this fever spreads. To prevent such consequences, the discharges 

 should be disinfected on their escape from the body as previously 

 directed. This is the chief precaution to be attended to, and if effectually 

 done, removes almost all the risk of infection. 



TYPHUS FEVER. 



14. This is a much more " catching " fever than the preceding, and is 

 caused by over-crowding and deficient ventilation. It is apt to attack 

 those who are much exposed to it for the first time. It is therefore better 

 to have a nurse who is protected by a previous attack. The poison is 

 thrown off by the skin and lungs and readily infects clothing, furniture, 

 etc. ; so that the chief precautions are those of ventilation and disinfec- 

 tion. 



