CATOCALA. 77 



on the radial interspaces, these teeth and also the shorter denticles which follow them bcinj; 

 considerably longer than in C.jonasii ; the line runs inwards and almost divides the holt with 

 a black sti-eak on the submedian vein ; the reniform spot is usually better defined, and its 

 outer edge is always dentate-sinuate, whereas in C.jonasii it is represented by a slightly 

 curved series of brown spots or dashes ; the submarginal line is usually more strongly 

 defined, and much more acutely zigzag ; the outer margin is less convex : the secondaries are 

 comparatively wider; the black belt diflering in length and form much as that of C. (tfghana 

 does from that of C. concubia ; the apical spot is of twice the width, and the fringe beyond it 

 is white varied by a series of five brown spots, a sixth broader brown spot terminating the 

 submedian vein. On the under surface there is no decided white apical patch, but the whole 

 external border is whitish ash-coloured; the belt, apical patch, and fringe of secondaries differ 

 as above. C. pataJa, as figured (Rcise dor Nov., Lcp. iv. pi. exii. fig. 23) has shorter and less 

 acute primaries with very scant markings, the belt of primaries with much more transverse 

 and less irregular inner line; the dcnticulation of the outer line much less pronounced, and 

 with only one prominent tooth ; the angulation on the submedian much less acute, and not 

 terminating in a black dash ; the reniform spot quite ordinary in character, and the large 

 spot below it almost pure white : the secondaries with a black abdominal bar joining the 

 central belt. Expanse of wings 74-82 millim. 



Dharmsala; at sugar, September and October. 



Catocala distorta. (Plate CXXXII. fig. 4.) 



Nearest to C. dotala, but smaller. The primaries paler, browner, and more uniformly 

 coloured ; the inner line of the central belt much less defined ; the reniform spot pale, 

 represented by a lunate grey outline through which is a buff dash or streak, and followed by 

 a diffused dark grey patch ; the outer line of the central belt undulated, but not acutely 

 denticulated as in C. dotata ; the submarginal denticulated line obsolete, replaced by a dusky 

 diffused streak : the central baud of secondaries narrower, slanting inwards instead of out- 

 wards, and consequently forming an obtuse instead of an acute angle towards inner margin ; 

 the outer border less excavated internally, and therefore wider in the middle, though narrower 

 at anal angle ; the apical ochreous spot smallei-, duller, and bifid. The under surface paler, 

 with narrower blackish bauds ; the subbasal band of primaries obsolete. Expanse of wings 

 50 millim. 



Kiilii. 



The above description is taken from six examples obtained at Kulii, compared with nine 

 specimens of C. dotata from Dharmsala: the latter vary in one character, and that a remark- 

 able one — the looping of the outer line of the central belt shifts its position from the 

 submedian vein to the first median branch (so as to include the spot below the " reniform " 

 marking) , or is duplicated, or disappears altogether. In C. distorta, however, tlic loop is 

 always formed on the first median branch, the spot below the " reniform " marking being 

 consequently invariably absent. 



