108 THE IMMORTALITY OF ANIMALS 



souls for the same reasons, and that the soul is not 

 only immaterial but that it is immortal, and is a 

 thing separate from the body. Every species of 

 being and every immaterial substance must belong 

 to some region or state, because it must be some- 

 where and somehow. There is no waste in crea- 

 tion, and everything, however grand or insignificant, 

 was made for some worthy object. It is true such 

 objects may be perverted by the interference of 

 man, but the ultimate good intended will be 

 reached. Nature teaches us to draw conclusions 

 from what we see and know as to the character of 

 things we do not see nor positively know. 



Matter is a thing we can see, and we can there- 

 fore know something of its properties. We know 

 that by itself it is of a lifeless, inert, and passive na- 

 ture. But the soul has a freedom to act independ- 

 ently of the laws which govern matter. Mind may 

 be considered as manifesting itself through a series 

 of material organs, although it is totally unlike any 

 of those principles or functions that are termed ma- 

 terial, and in fundamental contrast to them. When 

 a man communicates his ideas to an animal it must 

 be through a spiritual medium, for matter or ma- 

 terial substance cannot communicate with the soul or 



