130 THE IMMORTALITY OF ANIMALS 



demanded, who is meant by me, or what relation 

 exists between the matter and the soul of the body ? 

 It cannot be the body itself that is doing the think- 

 ing and talking, for matter cannot do either. If he 

 were all soul or all body, and nothing else, he could 

 not then speak in this manner, because it would be 

 the same as to say the soul of the soul, or the body 

 of the hody, or the I of me. The pronoun there- 

 fore must stand for something else, of which the 

 body is only a part, or, in other words, there is 

 another part of him which is not body. A lower 

 animal is conscious of its own identity. It knows 

 that it is the being which is itself, as it can think, 

 feel, and will, and has the evidence of the existence 

 of both body and soul. Without consciousness, the 

 outward world would have no meaning, and an 

 animal could have no conception of the senses. 

 Mind and matter would be one and the same. But 

 we know that matter in itself is inert, senseless, and 

 motionless, as the body would be without the 

 spiritual agent or soul to give it animation, and 

 consciousness of existence. 



There is no distinction between man and lower 

 animals in regard to the chemical elements of the 

 body, as they are all composed of the four principal 



